State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 17;24(12):10282. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210282.
Melanin is a complex natural pigment that is widely present in fungi. The mushroom has a variety of pharmacological effects. The active substances of have been extensively studied, but few studies have focused on the melanin. In this study, the production of melanin was increased by adding light or oxidative stress, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), during liquid fermentation. Subsequently, the structure of the purified melanin was characterized using elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS). Studies have shown that melanin is composed of C (50.59), H (6.18), O (33.90), N (8.19), and S (1.20), with maximum absorbance at 237 nm and typical melanin structures such as benzene, indole, and pyrrole. Additionally, the various biological activities of melanin have been discovered; it can chelate heavy metals and shows a strong ultraviolet-blocking ability. Moreover, melanin can reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and counteract the oxidative damage of HO to cells. These results can help us to develop applications of melanin in radiation resistance, heavy metal pollution remediation, and antioxidant use.
黑色素是一种广泛存在于真菌中的复杂天然色素。蘑菇具有多种药理作用。的活性物质已经得到了广泛的研究，但很少有研究关注的黑色素。在这项研究中，通过在液体发酵过程中添加光照或氧化应激，即活性氧（ROS）或活性氮（RNS），来增加黑色素的产量。随后，使用元素分析、紫外可见吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、电子顺磁共振（EPR）和热解气相色谱和质谱（Py-GCMS）对纯化的黑色素的结构进行了表征。研究表明，黑色素由 C（50.59）、H（6.18）、O（33.90）、N（8.19）和 S（1.20）组成，在 237nm 处有最大吸收峰，并具有典型的黑色素结构，如苯、吲哚和吡咯。此外，还发现了黑色素的各种生物活性；它可以螯合重金属，并表现出很强的紫外线屏蔽能力。此外，黑色素可以降低细胞内活性氧的水平，并抵抗 HO 对细胞的氧化损伤。这些结果可以帮助我们开发黑色素在辐射抗性、重金属污染修复和抗氧化剂应用中的应用。
