Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Viruses. 2023 May 24;15(6):1234. doi: 10.3390/v15061234.
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the virus kept developing and mutating into different variants over time, which also gained increased transmissibility and spread in populations at a higher pace, culminating in successive waves of COVID-19 cases. The scientific community has developed vaccines and antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease. Realizing that growing SARS-CoV-2 variations significantly impact the efficacy of antiviral therapies and vaccines, we summarize the appearance and attributes of SARS-CoV-2 variants for future perspectives in drug design, providing up-to-date insights for developing therapeutic agents targeting the variants. The Omicron variant is among the most mutated form; its strong transmissibility and immune resistance capacity have prompted international worry. Most mutation sites currently being studied are in the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S protein. Despite this, several hurdles remain, such as developing vaccination and pharmacological treatment efficacies for emerging mutants of SARS-CoV-2 strains. In this review, we present an updated viewpoint on the current issues faced by the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical studies conducted to assist the development and dissemination of vaccines, small molecule therapeutics, and therapeutic antibodies having broad-spectrum action against SARS-CoV-2 strains.
自 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行以来，该病毒不断发展并随时间变异为不同的变体，其在人群中的传染性和传播速度也有所提高，最终导致 COVID-19 病例的连续波。科学界已经开发出针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）疾病的疫苗和抗病毒药物。鉴于不断增长的 SARS-CoV-2 变异显著影响抗病毒疗法和疫苗的效果，我们总结了 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现和特征，以期为药物设计提供未来视角，为针对变体的治疗药物的开发提供最新的见解。奥密克戎变体是突变最多的形式之一；其强大的传染性和免疫抵抗能力引起了国际关注。目前正在研究的大多数突变位点都在 S 蛋白的 BCOV_S1_CTD 中。尽管如此，仍存在一些障碍，例如为 SARS-CoV-2 菌株的新出现突变体开发疫苗和药物治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们提出了对当前各种 SARS-CoV-2 变体出现所面临问题的最新观点。此外，我们还讨论了进行的临床研究，以协助疫苗、小分子治疗药物和对 SARS-CoV-2 株具有广谱作用的治疗性抗体的开发和传播。
