Zhang Ying, Zhang Chenyu, Li Yuwen, Zhou Lingyan, Dan Nianhua, Min Jie, Chen Yining, Wang Yunbing
Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China; Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Aug 15;246:125672. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125672. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature. Natural tissues are made up of three parts: extracellular matrix (ECM), signaling systems, and cells. Therefore, biomimetic ECM scaffold is one of the best candidates for tissue engineering scaffolds. Among the many scaffold materials of biomimetic ECM structure, decellularized ECM scaffolds (dECMs) obtained from natural ECM after acellular treatment stand out because of their inherent natural components and microenvironment. First, an overview of the family of dECMs is provided. The principle, mechanism, advances, and shortfalls of various decellularization technologies, including physical, chemical, and biochemical methods are then critically discussed. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is provided on recent advances in the versatile applications of dECMs including but not limited to decellularized small intestinal submucosa, dermal matrix, amniotic matrix, tendon, vessel, bladder, heart valves. And detailed examples are also drawn from scientific research and practical work. Furthermore, we outline the underlying development directions of dECMs from the perspective that tissue engineering scaffolds play an important role as an important foothold and fulcrum at the intersection of materials and medicine. As scaffolds that have already found diverse applications, dECMs will continue to present both challenges and exciting opportunities for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
组织工程本质上是一种模仿自然的技术。天然组织由三部分组成：细胞外基质（ECM）、信号系统和细胞。因此，仿生ECM支架是组织工程支架的最佳候选材料之一。在众多具有仿生ECM结构的支架材料中，经脱细胞处理后从天然ECM获得的脱细胞ECM支架（dECM）因其固有的天然成分和微环境而脱颖而出。首先，对dECM家族进行概述。然后，对包括物理、化学和生物化学方法在内的各种脱细胞技术的原理、机制、进展和不足进行批判性讨论。随后，对dECM的广泛应用的最新进展进行全面综述，包括但不限于脱细胞小肠黏膜下层、真皮基质、羊膜基质、肌腱、血管、膀胱、心脏瓣膜。并从科学研究和实际工作中列举详细实例。此外，我们从组织工程支架作为材料与医学交叉领域的重要立足点和支点发挥重要作用的角度，概述了dECM的潜在发展方向。作为已经发现多种应用的支架，dECM将继续为再生医学和组织工程带来挑战和令人兴奋的机遇。
