Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Biology and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
IUCN Science & Data Centre: Biodiversity Assessment & Knowledge Team, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2023 Aug;7(8):1211-1220. doi: 10.1038/s41559-023-02115-8. Epub 2023 Jul 6.
Overexploitation is a major threat to biodiversity and international trade in many species is regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, there is no established method to systematically determine which species are most at risk from international trade to inform potential trade measures under CITES. Here, we develop a mechanism using the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species to identify species that are likely to be threatened by international trade. Of 2,211 such species, CITES includes 59% (1,307 species), leaving two-fifths overlooked and in potential need of international trade regulation. Our results can inform deliberations on potential proposals to revise trade measures for species at CITES Conference of the Parties meetings. We also show that, for taxa with biological resource use documented as a threat, the number of species threatened by local and national use is four times greater than species likely threatened by international trade. To effectively address the overexploitation of species, interventions focused on achieving sustainability in international trade need to be complemented by commensurate measures to ensure that local and national use and trade of wildlife is well-regulated and sustainable.
过度开发是许多物种生物多样性面临的主要威胁，许多物种的国际贸易都受到《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）的监管。然而，目前还没有一种既定的方法可以系统地确定哪些物种最容易受到国际贸易的威胁，从而为 CITES 下的潜在贸易措施提供信息。在这里，我们利用国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录开发了一种机制，以确定那些可能受到国际贸易威胁的物种。在 2211 种此类物种中，CITES 包括其中的 59%（1307 种），还有五分之二被忽视，可能需要进行国际贸易监管。我们的研究结果可以为 CITES 缔约方会议上审议修订贸易措施的潜在提案提供信息。我们还表明，对于那些生物资源利用被视为威胁的分类单元，受到地方和国家利用威胁的物种数量是受国际贸易威胁的物种数量的四倍。为了有效应对物种的过度开发，需要在关注国际贸易可持续性的干预措施的基础上，辅以相应的措施，以确保对野生动物的地方和国家利用和贸易进行良好的监管和可持续性。
