National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Zhongshan City Garden Management Center of Guangdong Province, Zhongshan, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Oct 15;235:116570. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116570. Epub 2023 Jul 8.
Sulfonylurea herbicides have been widely used worldwide and play a significant role in modern agricultural production. However, these herbicides have adverse biological effects that can damage the ecosystems and harm human health. As such, rapid and effective techniques that remove sulfonylurea residues from the environment are urgently required. Attempts have been made to remove sulfonylurea residues from environment using various techniques such as incineration, adsorption, photolysis, ozonation, and microbial degradation. Among them, biodegradation is regarded as a practical and environmentally responsible way to eliminate pesticide residues. Microbial strains such as Talaromyces flavus LZM1, Methylopila sp. SD-1, Ochrobactrum sp. ZWS16, Staphylococcus cohnii ZWS13, Enterobacter ludwigii sp. CE-1, Phlebia sp. 606, and Bacillus subtilis LXL-7 can almost completely degrade sulfonylureas. The degradation mechanism of the strains is such that sulfonylureas can be catalyzed by bridge hydrolysis to produce sulfonamides and heterocyclic compounds, which deactivate sulfonylureas. The molecular mechanisms associated with microbial degradation of sulfonylureas are relatively poorly studied, with hydrolase, oxidase, dehydrogenase and esterase currently known to play a pivotal role in the catabolic pathways of sulfonylureas. Till date, there are no reports specifically on the microbial degrading species and biochemical mechanisms of sulfonylureas. Hence, in this article, the degradation strains, metabolic pathways, and biochemical mechanisms of sulfonylurea biodegradation, along with its toxic effects on aquatic and terrestrial animals, are discussed in depth in order to provide new ideas for remediation of soil and sediments polluted by sulfonylurea herbicides.
磺酰脲类除草剂在全世界范围内被广泛应用，在现代农业生产中发挥着重要作用。然而，这些除草剂具有不良的生物效应，会破坏生态系统并危害人类健康。因此，迫切需要快速有效的技术来去除环境中的磺酰脲残留。人们尝试过使用各种技术，如焚烧、吸附、光解、臭氧化和微生物降解，从环境中去除磺酰脲残留。其中，生物降解被认为是消除农药残留的一种实用且对环境负责的方法。尖孢镰刀菌 LZM1、甲基营养菌 SD-1、食酸寡养单胞菌 ZWS16、藤黄微球菌 ZWS13、鲁氏不动杆菌 sp. CE-1、栓菌 606 和枯草芽孢杆菌 LXL-7 等微生物菌株几乎可以完全降解磺酰脲类除草剂。这些菌株的降解机制是磺酰脲类除草剂可以通过桥水解作用催化生成磺酰胺和杂环化合物，从而使磺酰脲类除草剂失活。微生物降解磺酰脲类除草剂的分子机制研究相对较少，目前已知水解酶、氧化酶、脱氢酶和酯酶在磺酰脲类除草剂的代谢途径中起着关键作用。迄今为止，尚无专门针对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解种属和生化机制的报道。因此，本文深入讨论了磺酰脲类生物降解的降解菌株、代谢途径和生化机制，以及其对水生和陆生动物的毒性作用，以期为受磺酰脲类除草剂污染的土壤和沉积物的修复提供新的思路。
