Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 22;15(9):2015. doi: 10.3390/nu15092015.
Obesity prevention is stated as a simple objective in the public health guidelines of most countries: avoid adult weight gain. However, the success of the global population in accomplishing this goal is limited as reflected in the persisting pandemic of overweight and obesity. While many intervention strategies have been proposed, most are directed at mitigating the consequences of obesity. Efforts intended to prevent unintentional weight gain and associated adiposity are termed anti-obesogenic. Herein, evidence is presented that a neglected category of foods, pulses, i.e., grain legumes, have anti-obesogenic activity. Using a preclinical mouse model of obesity, a dose-response study design in animals of both biological sexes, and cooked, freeze-dried, and milled common bean as a representative pulse, data are presented showing that the rate of body weight gain is slowed, and fat accumulation is suppressed when 70% of the dietary protein is provided from common bean. These anti-obesogenic effects are reduced at lower amounts of common bean (17.5% or 35%). The anti-obesogenic responsiveness is greater in female than in male mice. RNA sequence analysis indicates that the sex-related differences extend to gene expression patterns, particularly those related to immune regulation within adipose tissue. In addition, our findings indicate the potential value of a precision nutrition approach for human intervention studies that identify "pulse anti-obesogenic responders". A precision approach may reduce the concentration of pulses required in the diet for benefits, but candidate biomarkers of responsivity to pulse consumption remain to be determined.
避免成年人体重增加。然而，全球人口在实现这一目标方面的成功是有限的，超重和肥胖的流行仍然存在。虽然已经提出了许多干预策略，但大多数策略都旨在减轻肥胖的后果。旨在预防非故意体重增加和相关肥胖的努力被称为抗肥胖。本文提出了一个被忽视的食物类别，豆类，即谷物豆类，具有抗肥胖作用的证据。使用肥胖的临床前小鼠模型，对雄性和雌性动物进行剂量反应研究设计，以常见的煮、冻干和磨碎的豆作为代表性的豆类，数据表明，当 70%的膳食蛋白质来自常见豆时，体重增加的速度会减慢，脂肪积累会受到抑制。当常见豆的摄入量较低（17.5%或 35%）时，这些抗肥胖作用会降低。雌性小鼠比雄性小鼠的抗肥胖反应性更强。RNA 序列分析表明，这种性别相关的差异延伸到基因表达模式，特别是与脂肪组织内免疫调节相关的基因表达模式。此外，我们的研究结果表明，对于确定“豆类抗肥胖反应者”的人类干预研究，精准营养方法具有潜在价值。精准方法可能会降低饮食中所需豆类的浓度以获得益处，但对豆类消费反应性的候选生物标志物仍有待确定。
