Department of Immunology and Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Department of Immunology and Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Immunity. 2023 Jul 11;56(7):1443-1450. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.018.
Innate immunity and the actions of type I and III interferons (IFNs) are essential for protection from SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Each is induced in response to infection and serves to restrict viral replication and spread while directing the polarization and modulation of the adaptive immune response. Owing to the distribution of their specific receptors, type I and III IFNs, respectively, impart systemic and local actions. Therapeutic IFN has been administered to combat COVID-19 but with differential outcomes when given early or late in infection. In this perspective, we sort out the role of innate immunity and complex actions of IFNs in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. We conclude that IFNs are a beneficial component of innate immunity that has mediated natural clearance of infection in over 700 million people. Therapeutic induction of innate immunity and use of IFN should be featured in strategies to treat acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in people at risk for severe COVID-19.
先天免疫和 I 型和 III 型干扰素（IFN）的作用对于预防 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 至关重要。每种干扰素都是在感染后诱导产生的，有助于限制病毒复制和传播，同时指导适应性免疫反应的极化和调节。由于其特定受体的分布，I 型和 III 型 IFN 分别具有全身和局部作用。IFN 已被用于治疗 COVID-19，但在感染早期或晚期使用时效果不同。在这种情况下，我们梳理了先天免疫和 IFN 的复杂作用在 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 COVID-19 中的作用。我们的结论是，IFN 是先天免疫的有益组成部分，它介导了超过 7 亿人对感染的自然清除。在治疗有发生严重 COVID-19 风险的人群的急性 SARS-CoV-2 感染时，应将先天免疫的治疗性诱导和 IFN 的使用作为策略的重要组成部分。
