Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 22;20(13):6207. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20136207.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only brought considerable and permanent changes to economies and healthcare systems, but it has also greatly changed the habits of almost the entire society. During the lockdowns, people were forced to stay in their dwellings, which served as a catalyst for the initiation of a survey on the estimation of the metallic element content in residential indoor dust in different parts of Latvia. This article presents the study results obtained through the analysis of collected dust samples from 46 dwellings, both in the capital of Latvia, Riga, and in smaller cities. Two methods were employed for indoor dust collection: vacuum sampling and manual sampling with a brush and plastic spatula. After microwave-assisted acid extraction, the samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in terms of the major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Fe) and minor (Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cr, As, Ba, Li, Be, B, V, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, La, Ce and Bi) elements. For the data analysis, principal component analysis was performed. Among the measured metals, the highest values were determined for the macro and most abundant elements (Na > K > Ca > Fe > Mg > Al). The concentration ranges of the persistently detected elements were as follows: Pb, 0.27-1200 mg kg; Cd, 0.01-6.37 mg kg; Ni, 0.07-513 mg kg; As, 0.01-69.2 mg kg; Cu, 5.71-1900 mg kg; Zn, 53.6-21,100 mg kg; and Cr, 4.93-412 mg kg. The critical limit values of metallic elements in soil defined by the legislation of the Republic of Latvia (indicating the level at or above which the functional characteristics of soil are disrupted, or pollution poses a direct threat to human health or the environment) were exceeded in the following numbers of dwellings: Pb = 4, Ni = 2, As = 1, Cu = 16, Cr = 1 and Zn = 28.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行不仅给经济和医疗保健系统带来了相当大的永久性变化，而且极大地改变了几乎整个社会的习惯。在封锁期间，人们被迫呆在自己的住所里，这促使人们开始对拉脱维亚不同地区住宅室内灰尘中金属元素含量进行估计调查。本文介绍了通过分析从拉脱维亚首都里加和较小城市的 46 个住宅中收集的灰尘样本获得的研究结果。采用两种方法进行室内灰尘收集：真空采样和用刷子和塑料刮刀手动采样。微波辅助酸提取后，使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析样品中的主要（Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al 和 Fe）和次要（Mn、Ni、Co、Pb、Cr、As、Ba、Li、Be、B、V、Cu、Zn、Se、Rb、Sr、Cd、La、Ce 和 Bi）元素。为了进行数据分析，进行了主成分分析。在所测量的金属中，确定了含量最高的宏观和最丰富的元素（Na>K>Ca>Fe>Mg>Al）。持续检测到的元素浓度范围如下：Pb，0.27-1200mgkg；Cd，0.01-6.37mgkg；Ni，0.07-513mgkg；As，0.01-69.2mgkg；Cu，5.71-1900mgkg；Zn，53.6-21100mgkg；Cr，4.93-412mgkg。拉脱维亚共和国立法（表明功能特性受到破坏的水平或以上，或者污染对人类健康或环境构成直接威胁）定义的土壤中金属元素的临界限量值在以下数量的住宅中被超过：Pb=4，Ni=2，As=1，Cu=16，Cr=1 和 Zn=28。
