La Vecchia C, Liati P, Decarli A, Negrello I, Franceschi S
Int J Cancer. 1986 Sep 15;38(3):381-5. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910380313.
The relationship between cigarettes with varying tar yields and the risk of oesophageal cancer was evaluated using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 129 histologically confirmed cases and 426 controls with acute, non-neoplastic of digestive diseases unrelated to tobacco or alcohol consumption. Compared with never-smokers, the relative risks of developing cancer of the oesophagus were 2.9 for subjects who smoked mainly middle- or low-tar (less than 22 mg) cigarettes and 8.9 for those smoking high-tar cigarettes (greater than or equal to 22 mg). The difference between the two categories was evident among ever-smokers and only current smokers, was not explained by adjustment for the major covariates of interest (social class, alcohol consumption and dietary indicators), and persisted when allowance was made for duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day by means of multiple regression analysis. The present findings suggest that the relation between tar deliveries of cigarettes and risk may be even more marked for oesophageal than for lung cancer. Further, they have important public health implications, in consideration of the current relatively high tar yields of Italian cigarettes, particularly in a few areas of north-eastern Italy where death certification rates from cancer of the oesophagus are among the highest in Europe. Nonetheless, in this study, smokers of prevalently low- to mid-tar cigarettes still did experience a significantly higher oesophageal cancer risk than life-long non-smokers.
利用意大利北部一项基于医院的病例对照研究数据，评估了不同焦油含量香烟与食管癌风险之间的关系。该研究纳入了129例经组织学确诊的病例以及426例患有与烟草或酒精消费无关的急性非肿瘤性消化系统疾病的对照。与从不吸烟者相比，主要吸食中低焦油（低于22毫克）香烟的受试者患食管癌的相对风险为2.9，而吸食高焦油香烟（大于或等于22毫克）的受试者这一风险为8.9。这两类吸烟者之间的差异在曾经吸烟者及仅当前吸烟者中均很明显，在对主要相关协变量（社会阶层、酒精消费和饮食指标）进行调整后无法得到解释，并且在通过多元回归分析对吸烟持续时间和每日吸烟量进行校正后依然存在。目前的研究结果表明，香烟焦油含量与风险之间的关系在食管癌方面可能比肺癌更为显著。此外，考虑到意大利香烟目前相对较高的焦油含量，尤其是在意大利东北部的一些地区，那里食管癌的死亡认证率在欧洲位居前列，这些结果具有重要的公共卫生意义。尽管如此，在本研究中，主要吸食低中焦油香烟者患食管癌的风险仍显著高于终生不吸烟者。
