Harris Jeffrey E, Thun Michael J, Mondul Alison M, Calle Eugenia E
Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
BMJ. 2004 Jan 10;328(7431):72. doi: 10.1136/bmj.37936.585382.44.
To assess the risk of lung cancer in smokers of medium tar filter cigarettes compared with smokers of low tar and very low tar filter cigarettes.
Analysis of the association between the tar rating of the brand of cigarette smoked in 1982 and mortality from lung cancer over the next six years. Multivariate proportional hazards analyses used to assess hazard ratios, with adjustment for age at enrollment, race, educational level, marital status, blue collar employment, occupational exposure to asbestos, intake of vegetables, citrus fruits, and vitamins, and, in analyses of current and former smokers, for age when they started to smoke and number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Cancer prevention study II (CPS-II).
364 239 men and 576 535 women, aged > or = 30 years, who had either never smoked, were former smokers, or were currently smoking a specific brand of cigarette when they were enrolled in the cancer prevention study.
Death from primary cancer of the lung among participants who had never smoked, former smokers, smokers of very low tar (< or = 7 mg tar/cigarette) filter, low tar (8-14 mg) filter, high tar (> or = 22 mg) non-filter brands and medium tar conventional filter brands (15-21 mg).
Irrespective of the tar level of their current brand, all current smokers had a far greater risk of lung cancer than people who had stopped smoking or had never smoked. Compared with smokers of medium tar (15-21 mg) filter cigarettes, risk was higher among men and women who smoked high tar (> or = 22 mg) non-filter brands (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.73, and 1.64, 1.26 to 2.15, respectively). There was no difference in risk among men who smoked brands rated as very low tar (1.17, 0.95 to 1.45) or low tar (1.02, 0.90 to 1.16) compared with those who smoked medium tar brands. The same was seen for women (0.98, 0.80 to 1.21, and 0.95, 0.82 to 1.11, respectively).
The increase in lung cancer risk is similar in people who smoke medium tar cigarettes (15-21 mg), low tar cigarettes (8-14 mg), or very low tar cigarettes (< or = 7 mg). Men and women who smoke non-filtered cigarettes with tar ratings > or = 22 mg have an even higher risk of lung cancer.
评估中度焦油过滤嘴香烟吸烟者相较于低焦油和极低焦油过滤嘴香烟吸烟者患肺癌的风险。
分析1982年所吸香烟品牌的焦油含量等级与接下来六年肺癌死亡率之间的关联。采用多变量比例风险分析来评估风险比，并对入组时的年龄、种族、教育水平、婚姻状况、蓝领工作、职业性石棉暴露、蔬菜、柑橘类水果和维生素的摄入量进行调整，在对当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者的分析中，还对开始吸烟的年龄和每日吸烟量进行调整。
癌症预防研究II（CPS-II）。
364239名男性和576535名女性，年龄≥30岁，他们在参加癌症预防研究时从未吸烟、曾经吸烟或正在吸某一特定品牌的香烟。
从未吸烟、曾经吸烟、吸极低焦油（≤7毫克焦油/支）过滤嘴、低焦油（8 - 14毫克）过滤嘴、高焦油（≥22毫克）非过滤嘴品牌以及中度焦油传统过滤嘴品牌（15 - 21毫克）香烟的参与者中死于原发性肺癌的情况。
无论当前所吸香烟品牌的焦油含量如何，所有当前吸烟者患肺癌的风险都远高于已戒烟者或从未吸烟者。与吸中度焦油（15 - 21毫克）过滤嘴香烟的吸烟者相比，吸高焦油（≥22毫克）非过滤嘴品牌香烟的男性和女性风险更高（风险比分别为1.44，95%置信区间1.20至1.73；1.64，1.26至2.15）。吸极低焦油（风险比1.17，0.95至1.45）或低焦油（风险比1.02，0.90至1.16）品牌香烟的男性与吸中度焦油品牌香烟的男性相比，风险无差异。女性情况相同（风险比分别为0.98，0.80至1.21；0.95，0.82至1.11）。
吸中度焦油香烟（15 - 21毫克）、低焦油香烟（8 - 14毫克）或极低焦油香烟（≤7毫克）的人群患肺癌风险的增加相似。吸焦油含量≥22毫克的非过滤嘴香烟的男性和女性患肺癌风险更高。
