Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 3;24(13):11043. doi: 10.3390/ijms241311043.
The oxygen content in the blood may decrease under the influence of various physicochemical factors and different diseases. The state of hypoxemia is especially dangerous for critically ill patients. In this paper, we describe and analyze the changes in the characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) with decreasing levels of oxygen in the RBC suspension from normoxemia to hypoxemia/anoxemia in an in vitro model experiment. The RBCs were stored in hypoxemia/anoxemia and normoxemia conditions in closed and open tubes correspondingly. For the quantitative study of RBC parameter changes, we used atomic force microscopy, digital spectrophotometry, and nonlinear curve fitting of the optical spectra. In both closed and open tubes, at the end of the storage period by day 29, only 2% of discocytes remained, and mainly irreversible types, such as microspherocytes and ghosts, were observed. RBC hemolysis occurred at a level of 25-30%. Addition of the storage solution, depending on the concentration, changed the influence of hypoxemia on RBCs. The reversibility of the change in hemoglobin derivatives was checked. Based on the experimental data and model approach, we assume that there is an optimal level of hypoxemia at which the imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidant systems, the rate of formation of reactive oxygen species, and, accordingly, the disturbances in RBCs, will be minimal.
在各种物理化学因素和不同疾病的影响下，血液中的含氧量可能会下降。低氧血症的状态对危重病患者尤其危险。在本文中，我们描述并分析了在体外模型实验中，从氧合正常血到低氧血症/缺氧血症的 RBC 悬浮液中，随着氧含量降低，RBC 特征的变化。RBC 在低氧血症/缺氧和氧合正常条件下分别储存在封闭和开放的管中。为了定量研究 RBC 参数变化，我们使用原子力显微镜、数字分光光度法和光谱的非线性曲线拟合。在封闭和开放的管中，在储存期结束时的第 29 天，只有 2%的盘状细胞仍然存在，主要是不可逆的类型，如小球形细胞和鬼影。RBC 溶血发生在 25-30%的水平。储存液的添加，取决于浓度，改变了低氧血症对 RBC 的影响。血红蛋白衍生物变化的可逆性得到了检查。基于实验数据和模型方法，我们假设存在一个最佳的低氧血症水平，在此水平下，氧化和抗氧化系统之间的失衡、活性氧形成的速度以及 RBC 的相应紊乱将最小化。
