Wagai Gowher A, Jeelani Ubaid, Beg Mashkoor Ahmad, Romshoo Ghulam Jeelani
Consulting Physician-Diabetologist (M.O) Department of Medicine, Associated Hospital GMC-Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Department of Radiation Oncology, GMC, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2023 May;12(5):958-961. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2023_22. Epub 2023 May 31.
Smoking has been found to have a profound effect on mortality and cause-specific cardiovascular events in hypertension with significant interactions between the effects of smoking and hypertension and diabetes. Nevertheless, smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
The present study was conducted on the patients visiting the medical Out Patient Department, Government Medical College (OPD GMC), Anantnag, for consultation with an aim to find whether smoking can be linked with CVD as a cause. A total of 304 patients were observed during this period for health check-ups.
The result reveals that 90% of male subjects across the age groups formulated in this study were in habit of smoking. In addition, 75% of female subjects across all age groups were also found to be in the habit of smoking. The majority of subjects including male subjects were potentially susceptible to CVD. The present prospective study was carried out to assess the role of smoking in causing hypertension and thereby various CVDs among the south Kashmiri population with high blood pressure levels in presence of high smoking rates.
Smoking acutely exerts a hypertensive effect, mainly through the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Chronic smoking affecting arterial stiffness and wave reflection has greater detrimental effect on central blood pressure, which is more closely related to target organ damage than brachial blood pressure. Hypertensive smokers are more likely to develop severe forms of hypertension, including malignant and renovascular hypertension, an effect likely due to accelerated atherosclerosis.
Smoking is potentially a leading cause of CVD among the South Kashmiri Population with high blood pressure levels in presence of high-smoking rates. Therefore, imperative measures regarding cessation of smoking are essential to prevent CVD which in line with clinical practice guidelines and policies should be emphasized to treat nicotine addiction in smokers by incorporating multicomponent and multilevel approaches for the better management of BP among the population studied.
研究发现，吸烟对高血压患者的死亡率及特定病因的心血管事件有深远影响，且吸烟与高血压及糖尿病之间存在显著的相互作用。尽管如此，吸烟仍是心血管疾病（CVD）的一个主要可改变风险因素。
本研究针对前往政府医学院门诊（OPD GMC），位于阿南特纳格的患者进行，旨在探究吸烟是否可作为心血管疾病的病因。在此期间，共对304名患者进行了健康检查。
结果显示，本研究中各年龄组的男性受试者有90%有吸烟习惯。此外，所有年龄组的女性受试者中也有75%被发现有吸烟习惯。包括男性受试者在内的大多数受试者都有患心血管疾病的潜在风险。本前瞻性研究旨在评估在吸烟率高且高血压水平高的克什米尔南部人群中，吸烟在导致高血压及进而引发各种心血管疾病方面的作用。
吸烟主要通过刺激交感神经系统急性发挥升压作用。长期吸烟影响动脉僵硬度和波反射，对中心血压有更大的有害影响，而中心血压比肱动脉血压与靶器官损害的关系更密切。吸烟的高血压患者更易发展为严重形式的高血压，包括恶性高血压和肾血管性高血压，这种影响可能是由于动脉粥样硬化加速所致。
在吸烟率高且高血压水平高的克什米尔南部人群中，吸烟可能是心血管疾病的主要病因。因此，必须采取戒烟措施以预防心血管疾病，应按照临床实践指南和政策，通过采用多组分和多层次方法来治疗吸烟者的尼古丁成瘾，以便更好地管理所研究人群的血压。
