Alshuhri Mohammed, Alshehry Bander, Alotaibi Turki, Alhalal Doaa
Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, SAU.
Family Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Jul 17;16(7):e64783. doi: 10.7759/cureus.64783. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Background Hypertension (HTN) is a global health issue as it causes significant mortality and morbidity among the worldwide population. Various treatments are available, but many patients are unable to control the disease. There are various factors like medication non-adherence and lifestyle habits that contribute to this problem. There is a need for evidence-based interventions to address HTN effectively, especially in regions like Saudi Arabia, where there is limited data on uncontrolled HTN. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of uncontrolled HTN and contributing factors to poor blood pressure control among patients in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer-administered questionnaire among all patients aged 18 years and above who have uncontrolled HTN and who visited the PHCs of Riyadh's first health cluster in Saudi Arabia. Data was cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using IBM SPSS 29. Results The study comprised 516 patients with HTN. The majority were males (53.1%, n=274) compared to females (46.9%, n=242), with an average age of 58 years (SD=10.5). Notably, most patients were obese (63.2%, n=326), and 62.4% (n=322) had uncontrolled HTN. Multivariate analysis identified sociodemographic factors like higher education (p-value = 0.013, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.795) as protective against uncontrolled HTN, while employment (p-value = 0.031, AOR = 1.786) increased the risk of uncontrolled HTN. Risk factors such as smoking (p-value = 0.001, AOR = 3.011) and salt restriction (p-value = 0.021, AOR = 0.643) significantly influenced HTN control. Management-related predictors like stopping medication after feeling better (p-value = 0.001, AOR = 3.196) were also found significant. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of uncontrolled HTN, especially among males and obese individuals. Sociodemographic factors like higher education were protective, while employment increased the risk of the disease. Further, smoking, salt restriction, and medication adherence significantly impacted HTN control, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions.
背景 高血压（HTN）是一个全球性的健康问题，因为它在全球人口中导致了显著的死亡率和发病率。有多种治疗方法可供选择，但许多患者无法控制该疾病。药物治疗不依从和生活方式习惯等多种因素导致了这一问题。需要基于证据的干预措施来有效解决高血压问题，特别是在沙特阿拉伯等地区，那里关于未控制高血压的数据有限。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯利雅得初级卫生保健中心（PHC）患者中未控制高血压的患病率以及血压控制不佳的影响因素。
方法 使用访谈式问卷对沙特阿拉伯利雅得首个卫生集群的初级卫生保健中心中所有18岁及以上患有未控制高血压的患者进行了一项分析性横断面研究。数据在Microsoft Excel中进行清理，并使用IBM SPSS 29进行分析。
结果 该研究包括516名高血压患者。与女性（46.9%，n = 242）相比，男性占多数（53.1%，n = 274），平均年龄为58岁（标准差 = 10.5）。值得注意的是，大多数患者肥胖（63.2%，n = 326），62.4%（n = 322）的患者患有未控制的高血压。多变量分析确定了社会人口学因素，如高等教育（p值 = 0.013，调整后的优势比（AOR） = 0.795）可预防未控制的高血压，而就业（p值 = 0.031，AOR = 1.786）会增加未控制高血压的风险。吸烟（p值 = 0.001，AOR = 3.011）和限盐（p值 = 0.021，AOR = 0.643）等风险因素对高血压控制有显著影响。还发现与管理相关的预测因素，如感觉好转后停药（p值 = 0.001，AOR = 3.196）也很显著。
结论 本研究揭示了未控制高血压的高患病率，尤其是在男性和肥胖个体中。高等教育等社会人口学因素具有保护作用，而就业会增加患病风险。此外，吸烟、限盐和药物依从性对高血压控制有显著影响，突出了量身定制干预措施的重要性。
