文献检索，用中文搜 PubMed

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of highly reactive oxidizing molecules, including superoxide anion (O •-) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), among others. Moderate levels of ROS play a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling and maintaining cellular functions. However, abnormal ROS levels or persistent oxidative stress can lead to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that favor cancer development. This review provides an overview of ROS generation, structure, and properties, as well as their effects on various components of the TME. Contrary to previous studies, our findings reveal a dual effect of ROS on different components of the TME, whereby ROS can either enhance or inhibit certain factors, ultimately leading to the promotion or suppression of the TME. For example, HO has dual effects on immune cells and non-- cellular components within the TME, while O •- has dual effects on T cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, each component demonstrates distinct mechanisms of action and ranges of influence. In the final section of the article, we summarize the current clinical applications of ROS in cancer treatment and identify certain limitations associated with existing therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ROS, highlighting their dual effects on different components of the TME, and exploring the potential clinical applications that may pave the way for future treatment and prevention strategies.

活性氧（ROS）是一类高度反应性的氧化分子，包括超氧阴离子（O •-）和过氧化氢（HO）等。适度的 ROS 水平在调节细胞信号和维持细胞功能方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，异常的 ROS 水平或持续的氧化应激会导致肿瘤微环境（TME）发生变化，有利于癌症的发展。

本篇综述概述了 ROS 的生成、结构和性质，以及它们对 TME 中各种成分的影响。与先前的研究相反，我们的发现揭示了 ROS 对 TME 中不同成分的双重作用，即 ROS 可以增强或抑制某些因素，最终导致 TME 的促进或抑制。例如，HO 对 TME 中的免疫细胞和非细胞成分具有双重作用，而 O •-对 T 细胞和成纤维细胞具有双重作用。此外，每个成分都表现出不同的作用机制和影响范围。

在文章的最后一部分，我们总结了 ROS 在癌症治疗中的当前临床应用，并确定了现有治疗方法存在的某些局限性。因此，本篇综述旨在全面了解 ROS，强调其对 TME 中不同成分的双重作用，并探讨可能为未来治疗和预防策略铺平道路的潜在临床应用。