Ejigu Eyoel, Tolosa Tadele, Begna Feyissa, Tegegne Hailehizeb
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2023 Jul 7;14:111-123. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S410904. eCollection 2023.
Peste des petits ruminants is a transboundary disease of major economic importance and imposes significant constraints on small ruminant production.
A cross-sectional study was employed in Dera and Gerar Jarso districts of the North Shewa zone, Oromia Region from February 2021 to March 2022, to estimate the antibody of PPRV and assess the associated risk factors. Blood samples (n = 662) were collected from sheep and goats. Cluster sampling strategy was employed to collect the data. Villages/Kebeles and individual small ruminants were randomly selected, while households were designated using a systematic random sampling method.
An overall individual animal and flock level sero-prevalence was 10.3% (95% CI = 8.2-12.8) and 100% (95% CI = 96.3-100), respectively, from the c-ELISA test result. A sero-prevalence of 11.2% (95% CI = 8.7-14.4) in Dera and 8% (95% CI = 5-12.7) in Gerar Jarso districts was recorded.
Flock size, age, sex, communal grazing, and watering system, new small ruminant introduction into a flock, and mixed rearing were significantly associated with PPR sero-positivity in sheep and goats. The chance of PPR occurrence in goats was 4 times (OR = 4; P = 0.000) more than sheep. Female sheep and goats were more likely to be sero-positive to PPR by 3 times (OR = 3.2; P = 0.003) than males. The newly introduced small ruminants had 4 times more odds (OR = 4.4; P = 0.000) of sero-positivity than animals being born at home. Small ruminants kept under communal grazing and watering system were nearly 12 times (OR = 11.5; P = 0.024) more likely sero-positive than privately managed small ruminants. Likewise, sheep and goats reared together were almost 9 times (OR = 9.4; P = 0.000) a higher chance of being sero-positive compared with separately reared small ruminants.
The finding of PPR virus antibodies in small ruminants from all study areas indicates endemic circulation of the virus. The implementation of regular vaccination could minimize the occurrence of PPR.
小反刍兽疫是一种具有重大经济意义的跨界疾病，对小反刍动物生产造成了重大限制。
2021年2月至2022年3月，在奥罗米亚州北谢瓦区的德拉和杰拉尔贾尔索地区进行了一项横断面研究，以估计小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）抗体并评估相关风险因素。从绵羊和山羊身上采集了血液样本（n = 662）。采用整群抽样策略收集数据。随机选择村庄/ Kebeles和个体小反刍动物，而家庭则使用系统随机抽样方法指定。
根据c-ELISA检测结果，个体动物和群体水平的总体血清阳性率分别为10.3%（95%CI = 8.2 - 12.8）和100%（95%CI = 96.3 - 100）。德拉地区的血清阳性率为11.2%（95%CI = 8.7 - 14.4），杰拉尔贾尔索地区为8%（95%CI = 5 - 12.7）。
群体规模、年龄、性别、公共放牧和饮水系统、新的小反刍动物引入群体以及混养与绵羊和山羊的PPR血清阳性显著相关。山羊感染PPR的几率是绵羊的4倍（OR = 4；P = 0.000）。雌性绵羊和山羊血清阳性的可能性比雄性高3倍（OR = 3.2；P = 0.003）。新引入的小反刍动物血清阳性的几率比在家出生的动物高4倍（OR = 4.4；P = 0.000）。在公共放牧和饮水系统下饲养的小反刍动物血清阳性的可能性比私人管理的小反刍动物高近12倍（OR = 11.5；P = 0.024）。同样，与单独饲养的小反刍动物相比，混养的绵羊和山羊血清阳性的几率几乎高9倍（OR = 9.4；P = 0.000）。
在所有研究区域的小反刍动物中发现PPR病毒抗体表明该病毒存在地方性流行。实施定期疫苗接种可以减少PPR的发生。
