Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Aug;31(8):2021-2030. doi: 10.1002/oby.23815.
Weight loss of ≥10% improves glucose control and may remit type 2 diabetes (T2D). High-protein (HP) diets are commonly used for weight loss, but whether protein sources, especially red meat, impact weight loss-induced T2D management is unknown. This trial compared an HP diet including beef and a normal-protein (NP) diet without red meat for weight loss, body composition changes, and glucose control in individuals with T2D.
A total of 106 adults (80 female) with T2D consumed an HP (40% protein) diet with ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef or an NP (21% protein) diet excluding red meat during a 52-week weight loss intervention. Body weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured before and after intervention.
Weight loss was not different between the HP (-10.2 ± 1.6 kg) and NP (-12.7 ± 4.8 kg, p = 0.336) groups. Both groups reduced fat mass and increased fat-free mass percent. Hemoglobin A1c, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and triglycerides improved, with no differences between groups.
The lack of observed effects of dietary protein and red meat consumption on weight loss and improved cardiometabolic health suggests that achieved weight loss, rather than diet composition, should be the principal target of dietary interventions for T2D management.
体重减轻≥10%可改善血糖控制，并可能缓解 2 型糖尿病（T2D）。高蛋白（HP）饮食常用于减肥，但蛋白质来源，尤其是红肉，是否会影响减肥引起的 T2D 管理尚不清楚。本试验比较了含牛肉的 HP 饮食和不含红肉的正常蛋白（NP）饮食在 T2D 患者中减肥、身体成分变化和血糖控制方面的效果。
共有 106 名 T2D 成年人（80 名女性）在 52 周的减肥干预期间，分别食用含 HP（40%蛋白质）饮食且每周至少 4 份瘦牛肉或 NP（21%蛋白质）饮食且不含红肉。在干预前后测量体重、身体成分和心血管代谢参数。
HP 组（-10.2±1.6kg）和 NP 组（-12.7±4.8kg，p=0.336）的体重减轻无差异。两组均减少了脂肪量，增加了脂肪量百分比。糖化血红蛋白、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、血压和甘油三酯均有改善，两组间无差异。
饮食蛋白质和红肉摄入对体重减轻和改善心血管健康的影响未被观察到，这表明实现的体重减轻而不是饮食成分应成为 T2D 管理饮食干预的主要目标。
