Homma Akira, Maia Maria de Lourdes de Sousa, Azevedo Isabel Cristina Alencar de, Figueiredo Isabella Lira, Gomes Luciano Bezerra, Pereira Clebson Veríssimo da Costa, Paulo Eliana de Fátima, Cardoso Daniel Bruschi
Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2023 Apr 7;39(3):e00240022. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XPT240022. eCollection 2023.
The global decline in vaccine coverage led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 to define vaccine hesitation as one of the world's top ten threats to public health. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage began in 2012, increasing from 2016, and was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The warning of low vaccination coverage is accompanied by the reintroduction of immunopreventable diseases such as measles. The return of diseases so far eradicated, such as polio, can aggravate the ongoing health crisis. Despite the Brazilian National Immunization Program being recognized as one of the most effective worldwide and its continuous efforts, it is facing an extremely challenging scenario regarding immunization coverage. This article describes the Project for the Regaining of the High Vaccination Coverage (PRCV) and the strategy of working at the frontline, conducted in the local level, which has been implemented since 2021 and is already starting to show promising results. The PRCV was organized in three thematic axes with shared and specific actions, including: vaccination; information systems; communication and education. The outcomes achieved allow us to affirm that it is possible to reverse the low vaccination coverage, based on the articulation of structural and interinstitutional actions, with the strengthening of public policies and development of short-, medium-, and long-term measures. The most powerful factors of the PRCV are its approach to frontline professionals, the social pact for vaccination, and the establishment of local support networks for vaccinations.
全球疫苗接种覆盖率下降，促使世界卫生组织（WHO）在2019年将疫苗犹豫定义为全球公共卫生面临的十大威胁之一。在巴西，疫苗接种覆盖率自2012年开始下降，2016年有所上升，但因新冠疫情而加剧。疫苗接种覆盖率低的警告伴随着麻疹等免疫可预防疾病的再度出现。脊髓灰质炎等迄今已根除疾病的卷土重来，可能会加剧当前的健康危机。尽管巴西国家免疫规划被公认为全球最有效的规划之一，且一直在持续努力，但在免疫接种覆盖率方面仍面临极具挑战性的局面。本文介绍了自2021年起实施的恢复高疫苗接种覆盖率项目（PRCV）以及在地方层面开展的一线工作策略，该策略已开始显现出令人鼓舞的成果。PRCV围绕三个主题轴组织开展，包括共同行动和具体行动，涵盖：疫苗接种；信息系统；沟通与教育。所取得的成果使我们坚信，通过协调结构性和机构间行动、加强公共政策以及制定短期、中期和长期措施，有可能扭转疫苗接种覆盖率低的局面。PRCV最有力的因素在于其对一线专业人员的工作方式、疫苗接种社会契约以及地方疫苗接种支持网络的建立。
