Neagu Răzvan, Popovici Violeta, Ionescu Lucia Elena, Ordeanu Viorel, Popescu Diana Mihaela, Ozon Emma Adriana, Gîrd Cerasela Elena
Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, "Cantacuzino" National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 103 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;12(7):1191. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12071191.
Essential oils (EOs) have gained economic importance due to their biological activities, and increasing amounts are demanded everywhere. However, substantial differences between the same essential oil samples from different suppliers are reported-concerning their chemical composition and bioactivities-due to numerous companies involved in EOs production and the continuous development of online sales. The present study investigates the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two to four samples of five commercially available essential oils (Oregano, Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Clove, and Peppermint oils) produced by autochthonous companies. The manufacturers provided all EOs' chemical compositions determined through GC-MS. The EOs' bioactivities were investigated in vitro against Gram-positive ( and Gram-negative bacteria ( and ). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects ( and, respectively, ) were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 562 and 570 nm using microplate cultivation techniques. The essential oils' calculated parameters were compared with those of three standard broad-spectrum antibiotics: Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Gentamycin, and Streptomycin. The results showed that at the first dilution (D1 = 25 mg/mL), all EOs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested, and MIC value > 25 mg/mL. Generally, both effects progressively decreased from D1 to D3. Only EOs with a considerable content of highly active metabolites revealed insignificant differences. E. coli showed the lowest susceptibility to all commercially available essential oils-15 EO samples had undetected antibacterial and antibiofilm effects at D2 and D3. Peppermint and Clove oils recorded the most significant differences regarding chemical composition and antibacterial/antibiofilm activities. All registered differences could be due to different places for harvesting the raw plant material, various technological processes through which these essential oils were obtained, the preservation conditions, and complex interactions between constituents.
由于其生物活性，精油（EOs）已具有经济重要性，各地对其需求量不断增加。然而，由于众多公司参与精油生产以及在线销售的持续发展，据报道，来自不同供应商的相同精油样品在化学成分和生物活性方面存在显著差异。本研究调查了由本地公司生产的五种市售精油（牛至油、桉叶油、迷迭香油、丁香油和薄荷油）的两至四个样品的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。制造商提供了通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）测定的所有精油的化学成分。在体外研究了这些精油对革兰氏阳性菌（ ）和革兰氏阴性菌（ ）的生物活性。使用微孔板培养技术，分别在562和570 nm波长下通过分光光度法评估抗菌和抗生物膜效果（分别为 和 ）。将精油计算得出的参数与三种标准广谱抗生素：阿莫西林/克拉维酸、庆大霉素和链霉素的参数进行比较。结果表明，在第一次稀释（D1 = 25 mg/mL）时，所有精油对所有测试的革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均表现出抗菌和抗生物膜活性，且最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值> 25 mg/mL。一般来说，从D1到D3，这两种效果都逐渐降低。只有含有大量高活性代谢物的精油显示出不显著的差异。大肠杆菌对所有市售精油的敏感性最低——15个精油样品在D2和D3时未检测到抗菌和抗生物膜效果。薄荷油和丁香油在化学成分和抗菌/抗生物膜活性方面记录的差异最为显著。所有记录到的差异可能是由于原料植物收获地点不同、获得这些精油所采用的各种工艺过程、保存条件以及成分之间的复杂相互作用所致。
