Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
J Adv Res. 2024 Apr;58:45-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.018. Epub 2023 May 6.
Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ disorder associated with progressive weight loss due to a variable combination of anorexia, systemic inflammation and excessive energy wasting. Considering the importance of immunoregulation in cachexia, it still lacks a complete understanding of the immunological mechanisms in cachectic progression.
Our aim here is to describe the complex immunoregulatory system in cachexia. We summarize the effects and translational potential of the immune system on the development of cancer-associated cachexia and we attempt to conclude with thoughts on precise and integrated therapeutic strategies under the complex immunological context of cachexia.
This review is focused on three main key concepts. First, we highlight the inflammatory factors and additional mediators that have been identified to modulate this syndrome. Second, we decipher the potential role of immune checkpoints in tissue wasting. Third, we discuss the multilayered insights in cachexia through the immunometabolic axis, immune-gut axis and immune-nerve axis.
癌症相关性恶病质是一种多器官疾病，由于厌食、全身炎症和过度能量消耗的不同组合，导致体重逐渐下降。鉴于免疫调节在恶病质中的重要性，人们对恶病质进展中的免疫机制仍缺乏全面了解。
本综述旨在描述恶病质中复杂的免疫调节系统。我们总结了免疫系统对癌症相关性恶病质发展的影响和转化潜力，并试图在恶病质复杂的免疫学背景下，对精准和综合的治疗策略进行思考。
本综述主要集中在三个关键概念。首先，我们强调了已被确定可调节该综合征的炎症因子和其他介质。其次，我们揭示了免疫检查点在组织消耗中的潜在作用。第三，我们通过免疫代谢轴、免疫-肠道轴和免疫-神经轴讨论了恶病质的多层次见解。
