Herman T S, Einhorn L H, Jones S E, Nagy C, Chester A B, Dean J C, Furnas B, Williams S D, Leigh S A, Dorr R T, Moon T E
N Engl J Med. 1979 Jun 7;300(23):1295-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197906073002302.
Two double-blind, crossover trials comparing the antiemetic effectiveness of nabilone, a new synthetic cannabinoid, with that of prochlorperazine were conducted in patients with severe nausea and vomiting associated with anticancer chemotherapy. Of 113 patients evaluated, 90 (80 per cent) responded to nabilone therapy, whereas only 36 (32 per cent) responded to prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Complete relief of symptoms was infrequent, occurring only in nine patients (8 per cent) given nabilone. When both drugs were compared, both nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001) were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. Moreover, patients clearly favored nabilone for continued use (P less than 0.001). Predominant side effects noted by patients were similar for both agents and included somnolence, dry mouth and dizziness but were about twice as frequent and more often severe in patients receiving nabilone. In addition, four patients (3 per cent) taking nabilone had side effects (hallucinations in three, hypotension in one) that required medical attention. Euphoria associated with nabilone was infrequent (16 per cent) and mild.
针对患有与抗癌化疗相关的严重恶心和呕吐的患者，进行了两项双盲交叉试验，比较新型合成大麻素纳布啡与丙氯拉嗪的止吐效果。在113名接受评估的患者中，90名（80%）对纳布啡治疗有反应，而只有36名（32%）对丙氯拉嗪有反应（P<0.001）。症状完全缓解的情况很少见，仅在9名（8%）接受纳布啡治疗的患者中出现。当比较两种药物时，接受纳布啡治疗的患者恶心（P<0.01）和呕吐发作次数（P<0.001）均显著减少。此外，患者明显更倾向于继续使用纳布啡（P<0.001）。患者指出的主要副作用在两种药物中相似，包括嗜睡、口干和头晕，但在接受纳布啡治疗的患者中发生率约为两倍，且更常出现严重症状。此外，4名（3%）服用纳布啡的患者出现了需要医疗关注的副作用（3名出现幻觉，1名出现低血压）。与纳布啡相关的欣快感很少见（16%）且程度较轻。
