Herrera-Moro Huitron Luis, De Jesús-González Luis Adrián, Martínez-Castillo Macario, Ulloa-Aguilar José Manuel, Cabello-Gutierrez Carlos, Helguera-Repetto Cecilia, Garcia-Cordero Julio, León Juárez Moisés
Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jul 21;11(7):1851. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071851.
Once regarded as inert organelles with limited and ill-defined roles, lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as dynamic entities with multifaceted functions within the cell. Recent research has illuminated their pivotal role as primary energy reservoirs in the form of lipids, capable of being metabolized to meet cellular energy demands. Their high dynamism is underscored by their ability to interact with numerous cellular organelles, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (the site of LD genesis) and mitochondria, which utilize small LDs for energy production. Beyond their contribution to cellular bioenergetics, LDs have been associated with viral infections. Evidence suggests that viruses can co-opt LDs to facilitate their infection cycle. Furthermore, recent discoveries highlight the role of LDs in modulating the host's immune response. Observations of altered LD levels during viral infections suggest their involvement in disease pathophysiology, potentially through production of proinflammatory mediators using LD lipids as precursors. This review explores these intriguing aspects of LDs, shedding light on their multifaceted nature and implications in viral interactions and disease development.
脂质滴（LDs）曾经被视为具有有限且定义不明确作用的惰性细胞器，如今已成为细胞内具有多方面功能的动态实体。最近的研究揭示了它们作为脂质形式的主要能量储存库的关键作用，能够被代谢以满足细胞的能量需求。它们与众多细胞器相互作用的能力突出了其高度的动态性，特别是与内质网（LDs产生的场所）和线粒体相互作用，线粒体利用小的LDs进行能量产生。除了对细胞生物能量学的贡献外，LDs还与病毒感染有关。有证据表明，病毒可以利用LDs来促进其感染周期。此外，最近的发现突出了LDs在调节宿主免疫反应中的作用。病毒感染期间LDs水平的变化表明它们可能参与疾病病理生理学，可能是通过利用LDs脂质作为前体产生促炎介质。这篇综述探讨了LDs这些有趣的方面，阐明了它们的多面性以及在病毒相互作用和疾病发展中的意义。
