Sánchez-Álvarez Miguel, Del Pozo Miguel Ángel, Bosch Marta, Pol Albert
Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jun 8;10:901321. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901321. eCollection 2022.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical, single sheet phospholipid-bound organelles that store neutral lipids in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Initially conceived as relatively inert depots for energy and lipid precursors, these highly dynamic structures play active roles in homeostatic functions beyond metabolism, such as proteostasis and protein turnover, innate immunity and defense. A major share of the knowledge behind this paradigm shift has been enabled by the use of systematic molecular profiling approaches, capable of revealing and describing these non-intuitive systems-level relationships. Here, we discuss these advances and some of the challenges they entail, and highlight standing questions in the field.
脂滴（LDs）是球形的、由单层磷脂包裹的细胞器，存在于所有真核生物以及一些原核生物中，用于储存中性脂质。脂滴最初被认为是能量和脂质前体的相对惰性的储存库，但这些高度动态的结构在代谢以外的稳态功能中发挥着积极作用，如蛋白质稳态和蛋白质周转、先天免疫和防御。这种范式转变背后的大部分知识得益于系统分子谱分析方法的应用，这些方法能够揭示和描述这些非直观的系统层面的关系。在这里，我们讨论这些进展以及它们带来的一些挑战，并强调该领域中仍然存在的问题。
