Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o., Niepodległości 42, 88-150 Kruszwica, Poland.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 18;28(14):5484. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145484.
The consumption of cold-pressed oils (CPOs) has continuously increased due to their health-promoting compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), tocopherols, sterols, and polyphenols. This study focused on the estimation and comparison of the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of six CPOs: linseed oil (CPLO), pumpkin oil (CPPO), milk thistle oil (CPMTO), rapeseed oil (CPRO), camelina oil (CPCO), and sunflower oil (CPSO), which are the most popular in the Polish market. These oils were analysed for their fatty acid composition (FAC), their tocopherol, sterol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), water, and volatile matter (WVM) contents, as well as their antioxidant activity (AA) and oxidative stability parameters. Moreover, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was performed to obtain detailed information on the sensory profiles and quantitative data on the CPOs' attributes that affected consumer acceptability and purchase intent. All of the analysed CPOs were rich in PUFA (27.94-68.42%). They were characterised by the different total amounts of health-beneficial compounds, such as tocopherols (TTC = 44.04-76.98 mg/100 g), sterols (TSC = 300-684 mg/100 g), and polyphenols (TPC = 2.93-8.32 mg GA/100 g). Additionally, their AA was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with results ranging between 185.36-396.63, 958.59-1638.58, and 61.93-119.21 µmol TE/100 g, respectively. However, the deterioration parameters of CPOs, such as peroxide values (PV = 0.24-4.61 meq O/kg), p-anisidine values (pAnV = 0.39-4.77), acid values (AV = 0.31-2.82 mg KOH/g), and impurity amounts (Σ4PAHs = 1.16-8.76 μg/kg and WVM = 0.020-0.090%), did not exceed the level recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The obtained results indicated that all of the investigated CPOs are valuable sources of health-promoting bioactive compounds.
由于冷榨油（CPO）具有促进健康的化合物，如多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、生育酚、甾醇和多酚，其消费量不断增加。本研究集中于估计和比较六种 CPO 的理化性质和感官质量：亚麻籽油（CPLO）、南瓜籽油（CPPO）、乳蓟籽油（CPMTO）、油菜籽油（CPRO）、卡姆梅诺油（CPCO）和葵花籽油（CPSO），它们是波兰市场上最受欢迎的油。这些油的脂肪酸组成（FAC）、生育酚、甾醇、多环芳烃（PAHs）、水和挥发性物质（WVM）含量以及抗氧化活性（AA）和氧化稳定性参数均进行了分析。此外，进行了定量描述分析（QDA），以获得有关感官特征的详细信息和有关影响消费者可接受性和购买意向的 CPO 属性的定量数据。所有分析的 CPO 均富含多不饱和脂肪酸（27.94-68.42%）。它们的特点是具有不同数量的有益健康的化合物，如生育酚（TTC=44.04-76.98mg/100g）、甾醇（TSC=300-684mg/100g）和多酚（TPC=2.93-8.32mgGA/100g）。此外，使用 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）和铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）方法测定了它们的 AA，结果分别为 185.36-396.63、958.59-1638.58 和 61.93-119.21µmolTE/100g。然而，CPO 的恶化参数，如过氧化物值（PV=0.24-4.61meqO/kg）、p-茴香胺值（pAnV=0.39-4.77）、酸值（AV=0.31-2.82mgKOH/g）和杂质含量（Σ4PAHs=1.16-8.76μg/kg 和 WVM=0.020-0.090%）均未超过食品法典委员会推荐的水平。所得结果表明，所有研究的 CPO 都是具有促进健康的生物活性化合物的有价值来源。
