Stahn A C, Bucher D, Zu Eulenburg P, Denise P, Smith N, Pagnini F, White O
Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
NPJ Microgravity. 2023 Jul 31;9(1):59. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00295-y.
Space exploration objectives will soon move from low Earth orbit to distant destinations like Moon and Mars. The present work provides an up-to-date roadmap that identifies critical research gaps related to human behavior and performance in altered gravity and space. The roadmap summarizes (1) key neurobehavioral challenges associated with spaceflight, (2) the need to consider sex as a biological variable, (3) the use of integrative omics technologies to elucidate mechanisms underlying changes in the brain and behavior, and (4) the importance of understanding the neural representation of gravity throughout the brain and its multisensory processing. We then highlight the need for a variety of target-specific countermeasures, and a personalized administration schedule as two critical strategies for mitigating potentially adverse effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system and performance. We conclude with a summary of key priorities for the roadmaps of current and future space programs and stress the importance of new collaborative strategies across agencies and researchers for fostering an integrative cross- and transdisciplinary approach from cells, molecules to neural circuits and cognitive performance. Finally, we highlight that space research in neurocognitive science goes beyond monitoring and mitigating risks in astronauts but could also have significant benefits for the population on Earth.
太空探索目标很快将从近地轨道转向月球和火星等遥远目的地。目前的工作提供了一份最新路线图，该路线图确定了与在重力改变和太空环境下人类行为及表现相关的关键研究空白。该路线图总结了：（1）与太空飞行相关的关键神经行为挑战；（2）将性别视为生物学变量的必要性；（3）使用综合组学技术阐明大脑和行为变化背后的机制；以及（4）理解重力在整个大脑中的神经表征及其多感官处理的重要性。然后，我们强调需要采取各种针对特定目标的对策以及个性化的管理时间表，作为减轻太空飞行对中枢神经系统和表现潜在不利影响的两项关键策略。我们最后总结了当前和未来太空计划路线图的关键优先事项，并强调跨机构和研究人员之间新的合作策略对于促进从细胞、分子到神经回路和认知表现的综合跨学科和跨领域方法的重要性。最后，我们强调神经认知科学中的太空研究不仅限于监测和减轻宇航员的风险，对地球上的人群也可能有重大益处。
