Sánchez-Rodríguez Ángel, Moreno-Bella Eva, García-Sánchez Efraín
Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 18;14:1193866. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193866. eCollection 2023.
Stereotypes have traditionally been considered as "mental pictures" of a particular social group. The current research aims to draw the structure of gender stereotypes and metastereotype schemes as complex systems of stereotypical features. Therefore, we analyze gender stereotypes as networks of interconnected characteristics.
Through an online survey ( = 750), participants listed the common female and male features to build the structure of the gender stereotypes. Participants also listed the common features of how members of one gender think they are viewed by people of the other gender to build the structure of gender metastereotypes.
Our results suggest that female stereotypes are characterized by a single community of features consistently associated such as , and . Female metastereotype, however, combines the previous community with another characterized by and . On the contrary, the male stereotype projected by women is characterized by a community of features associated such as , and , but male in-group stereotypes and metastereotypes projected by men are a combination of this community with another one characterized by features associated such as , and .
A network approach to studying stereotypes provided insights into the meaning of certain traits when considered in combination with different traits. (e.g., strong-intelligent vs. strong-aggressive). Thus, focusing on central nodes can be critical to understanding and changing the structure of gender stereotypes.
传统上，刻板印象被视为对特定社会群体的“心理画像”。当前的研究旨在描绘性别刻板印象和元刻板印象模式的结构，将其作为刻板特征的复杂系统。因此，我们将性别刻板印象分析为相互关联特征的网络。
通过一项在线调查（n = 750），参与者列出常见的女性和男性特征，以构建性别刻板印象的结构。参与者还列出了一种性别成员认为自己被另一种性别的人看待的常见特征，以构建性别元刻板印象的结构。
我们的结果表明，女性刻板印象的特征是由一组始终相关的特征组成的单一群体，例如……。然而，女性元刻板印象将前一个群体与另一个以……为特征的群体结合在一起。相反，女性所投射的男性刻板印象的特征是由一组相关的特征组成的群体，例如……，但男性群体内部的刻板印象和男性所投射的元刻板印象是这个群体与另一个以……等相关特征为特征的群体的组合。
一种研究刻板印象的网络方法提供了对某些特征与不同特征结合时的意义的见解。（例如，强壮-聪明与强壮-好斗）。因此，关注中心节点对于理解和改变性别刻板印象的结构可能至关重要。
