Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
Trinity School of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 May 21;15(5):e0233361. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233361. eCollection 2020.
Neighborhoods have a profound impact on individual health. There is growing interest in the role of dynamic changes to neighborhoods-including gentrification-on the health of residents. However, research on the association between gentrification and health is limited, partly due to the numerous definitions used to define gentrification. This article presents a systematic review of the current state of literature describing the association between gentrification and health. In addition, it provides a novel framework for addressing important next steps in this research. A total of 1393 unique articles were identified, 122 abstracts were reviewed, and 36 articles published from 2007-2020 were included. Of the 36 articles, 9 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers. There was no universally accepted definition of gentrification; definitions often used socioeconomic variables describing demographics, housing, education, and income. Health outcomes associated with gentrification included self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health conditions, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and health care utilization, though the direction of this association varied. The results of this review also suggest that the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across populations. For example, marginalized populations, such as Black residents and the elderly, were impacted more than White and younger residents. In addition, we identified multiples gaps in the research, including the need for a conceptual model, future mechanistic studies, and interventions.
社区对个人健康有着深远的影响。人们越来越关注社区的动态变化——包括 gentrification（城市化）——对居民健康的影响。然而，由于 gentrification 的定义众多，关于 gentrification 与健康之间关联的研究有限。本文对目前描述 gentrification 与健康之间关联的文献进行了系统综述。此外，它还为解决这一研究中重要的下一步提供了一个新的框架。共确定了 1393 篇独特的文章，审查了 122 篇摘要，并纳入了 2007 年至 2020 年期间发表的 36 篇文章。在这 36 篇文章中，有 9 篇是定性的，24 篇是定量的，3 篇是综述论文。gentrification 没有普遍接受的定义；定义通常使用描述人口统计学、住房、教育和收入的社会经济变量。与 gentrification 相关的健康结果包括自我报告的健康状况、早产、心理健康状况、饮酒、心理社会因素和医疗保健利用情况，但这种关联的方向各不相同。本综述的结果还表明，gentrification 对健康的影响在不同人群中并不一致。例如，边缘化群体，如黑人居民和老年人，比白人居民和年轻人受到的影响更大。此外，我们还发现研究存在多个空白，包括需要概念模型、未来的机制研究和干预措施。
