Department of Psychology, University of Tubingen.
Department of Psychology, University of Bremen.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2023 Oct;49(10):1588-1614. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001281. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
In the present study, we examined how the relevance of potentially distracting information modulates the interplay of target and distractor processing in conflict tasks. Specifically, we manipulated the degree to which distracting information is relevant for performing the overall task by varying the proportion of trials in which a response to the distractor(s) (Experiments 1a and 1b: location in a Simon task; Experiment 2: flankers in an Eriksen flanker task) instead of to the target was required. Across all experiments, the congruency effect on mean RT was larger with the increasing relevance of the distractor(s). Critically, the slopes of the delta plot were more strongly increasing when the distractors were potentially relevant (as opposed to completely irrelevant), suggesting that cognitive control affects the timing of suppressing distractor-based activation. In addition, delta plot and diffusion model analyses revealed that the strength of suppressing distractor processing and the efficiency of target processing were enhanced when the distractors were less relevant. Overall, the present study dissociated multiple and time-dependent adjustments of control processes (i.e., target processing enhancement plus timing and strength of distractor suppression) in environments that encourage either a more stable or more flexible processing mode. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
在本研究中，我们考察了潜在干扰信息的相关性如何调节冲突任务中目标和干扰处理的相互作用。具体来说，我们通过改变需要对干扰物（实验 1a 和 1b：Simon 任务中的位置；实验 2：Eriksen 侧翼任务中的侧翼）而不是对目标做出反应的试次比例，来操纵干扰信息与执行整体任务的相关性程度。在所有实验中，随着干扰物相关性的增加，平均 RT 的一致性效应越大。关键的是，当干扰物具有潜在相关性（而不是完全不相关）时，Delta 图的斜率增加得更强烈，这表明认知控制会影响抑制基于干扰的激活的时间。此外，Delta 图和扩散模型分析表明，当干扰物的相关性降低时，抑制干扰处理的强度和目标处理的效率都会增强。总体而言，本研究在鼓励更稳定或更灵活处理模式的环境中，区分了多种和时变的控制过程调整（即目标处理增强加上干扰抑制的时间和强度）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
