RIKEN iTHEMS, Wako, Japan.
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
Nat Plants. 2023 Aug;9(8):1236-1251. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01474-1. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
Common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, is an orphan crop domesticated in southwest China that exhibits heterostylous self-incompatibility. Here we present chromosome-scale assemblies of a self-compatible F. esculentum accession and a self-compatible wild relative, Fagopyrum homotropicum, together with the resequencing of 104 wild and cultivated F. esculentum accessions. Using these genomic data, we report the roles of transposable elements and whole-genome duplications in the evolution of Fagopyrum. In addition, we show that (1) the breakdown of heterostyly occurs through the disruption of a hemizygous gene jointly regulating the style length and female compatibility and (2) southeast Tibet was involved in common buckwheat domestication. Moreover, we obtained mutants conferring the waxy phenotype for the first time in buckwheat. These findings demonstrate the utility of our F. esculentum assembly as a reference genome and promise to accelerate buckwheat research and breeding.
普通荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）是一种在中国西南部驯化的孤雌生殖作物，表现出异型花柱自交不亲和性。在这里，我们呈现了一个自交亲和的 F. esculentum 品系和一个自交亲和的野生近缘种 Fagopyrum homotropicum 的染色体规模组装，以及对 104 个野生和栽培的 F. esculentum 品系进行了重测序。利用这些基因组数据，我们报告了转座元件和全基因组加倍在 Fagopyrum 进化中的作用。此外，我们还表明：（1）异型花柱的破坏是通过破坏一个共同调节柱头长度和雌性亲和性的半合子基因来实现的；（2）藏东南地区参与了普通荞麦的驯化。此外，我们首次在荞麦中获得了赋予蜡质表型的突变体。这些发现表明，我们的 F. esculentum 组装作为参考基因组具有实用性，并有望加速荞麦的研究和培育。
