Gareev Ilgiz, de Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez Manuel, Goncharov Evgeniy, Ivliev Denis, Shumadalova Alina, Ilyasova Tatiana, Wang Chunlei
Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia.
Department of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
Noncoding RNA Res. 2023 Aug 1;8(4):534-541. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.07.002. eCollection 2023 Dec.
The detection and defense against foreign agents and pathogens by the innate immune system is a crucial mechanism in the body. A comprehensive understanding of the signaling mechanisms involved in innate immunity is essential for developing effective diagnostic tools and therapies for infectious diseases. Innate immune response is a complex process involving recognition of pathogens through receptors, activation of signaling pathways, and cytokine production, which are all crucial for deploying appropriate countermeasures. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators of the immune response during infections, mediating the body's defense mechanisms. However, an overactive immune response can lead to tissue damage, and maintaining immune homeostasis is a complex process in which ncRNAs play a significant role. Recent studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key players in controlling gene expression in innate immune pathways, thereby participating in antiviral defenses, tumor immunity, and autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs act by regulating host defense mechanisms against viruses, bacteria, and fungi by targeting mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, while lncRNAs function as competing RNAs, blocking the binding of miRNAs to mRNA. This review provides an overview of the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in innate immunity and its mechanisms, as well as highlights potential future research directions, including the expression and maturation of new ncRNAs and the conservation of ncRNAs in evolution.
天然免疫系统对异物和病原体的检测与防御是机体的一种关键机制。全面了解天然免疫中涉及的信号传导机制对于开发针对传染病的有效诊断工具和治疗方法至关重要。天然免疫反应是一个复杂的过程，包括通过受体识别病原体、激活信号通路以及产生细胞因子，所有这些对于采取适当的应对措施都至关重要。非编码RNA（ncRNAs）是感染期间免疫反应的重要调节因子，介导机体的防御机制。然而，过度活跃的免疫反应会导致组织损伤，维持免疫稳态是一个复杂的过程，ncRNAs在其中发挥着重要作用。最近的研究已确定微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是控制天然免疫途径中基因表达的关键参与者，从而参与抗病毒防御、肿瘤免疫和自身免疫性疾病。miRNAs通过在转录后水平靶向mRNA来调节宿主对病毒、细菌和真菌的防御机制，而lncRNAs则作为竞争性RNA发挥作用，阻止miRNAs与mRNA的结合。本综述概述了miRNAs和lncRNAs在天然免疫中的调节作用及其机制，并强调了潜在的未来研究方向，包括新ncRNAs的表达和成熟以及ncRNAs在进化中的保守性。
