Stefana Alberto, Langfus Joshua A, Vieta Eduard, Fusar-Poli Paolo, Youngstrom Eric A
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
J Clin Med. 2023 Aug 7;12(15):5156. doi: 10.3390/jcm12155156.
This article discusses the development and preliminary validation of a self-report inventory of the patient's perception of, and affective reaction to, their therapist during a psychotherapy session. First, we wrote a pool of 131 items, reviewed them based on subject matter experts' review, and then collected validation data from a clinical sample of adult patients in individual therapy ( = 701). We used exploratory factor analysis and item response theory graded response models to select items, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure, and -fold cross-validation to verify model robustness. Multi-group CFA examined measurement invariance across patients with different diagnoses (unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these). Three factors produced short scales retaining the strongest items. The in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) has a two-factor structure, yielding a four-item Negative affect scale and a four-item Positive affect scale. The Relationship In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ) is composed of four items from the third factor with dichotomized responses. Both scales showed excellent psychometric properties and evidence of metric invariance across the three diagnostic groups: unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these. The SPARQ and the RISQ scale can be used in clinical or research settings, with particular value for capturing the patient's perspectives about their therapist and session-level emotional processes.
本文讨论了一种自我报告量表的开发及初步验证，该量表用于评估患者在心理治疗过程中对治疗师的感知及情感反应。首先，我们编写了131个条目组成的条目池，基于主题专家的评审进行了审查，然后从个体治疗中的成年患者临床样本（ = 701）中收集了验证数据。我们使用探索性因素分析和项目反应理论等级反应模型来选择条目，验证性因素分析（CFA）来检验因素结构，并采用k折交叉验证来验证模型的稳健性。多组CFA检验了不同诊断患者（单相抑郁、双相情感障碍以及两者都不是）之间的测量不变性。三个因素产生了保留最强条目的简短量表。治疗中患者情感反应问卷（SPARQ）具有双因素结构，产生了一个包含四个条目的负性情感量表和一个包含四个条目的正性情感量表。治疗中关系问卷（RISQ）由第三个因素中的四个条目组成，回答采用二分法。两个量表均显示出优异的心理测量特性以及在单相抑郁、双相情感障碍和两者都不是这三个诊断组之间的度量不变性证据。SPARQ和RISQ量表可用于临床或研究环境，对于捕捉患者对其治疗师的看法以及治疗期间的情感过程具有特殊价值。
