精准医学：疾病分型与个性化治疗。

Precision Medicine: Disease Subtyping and Tailored Treatment.

作者信息

Wang Richard C, Wang Zhixiang

机构信息

Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6J 5H4, Canada.

出版信息

Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;15(15):3837. doi: 10.3390/cancers15153837.

The genomics-based concept of precision medicine began to emerge following the completion of the Human Genome Project. In contrast to evidence-based medicine, precision medicine will allow doctors and scientists to tailor the treatment of different subpopulations of patients who differ in their susceptibility to specific diseases or responsiveness to specific therapies. The current precision medicine model was proposed to precisely classify patients into subgroups sharing a common biological basis of diseases for more effective tailored treatment to achieve improved outcomes. Precision medicine has become a term that symbolizes the new age of medicine. In this review, we examine the history, development, and future perspective of precision medicine. We also discuss the concepts, principles, tools, and applications of precision medicine and related fields. In our view, for precision medicine to work, two essential objectives need to be achieved. First, diseases need to be classified into various subtypes. Second, targeted therapies must be available for each specific disease subtype. Therefore, we focused this review on the progress in meeting these two objectives.

基于基因组学的精准医学概念在人类基因组计划完成后开始出现。与循证医学不同，精准医学将使医生和科学家能够针对对特定疾病易感性或对特定疗法反应性不同的不同患者亚群量身定制治疗方案。当前的精准医学模式旨在将患者精确分类为具有共同疾病生物学基础的亚组，以便进行更有效的个性化治疗，从而改善治疗效果。精准医学已成为象征医学新时代的一个术语。在本综述中，我们审视了精准医学的历史、发展及未来前景。我们还讨论了精准医学及相关领域的概念、原则、工具和应用。我们认为，要使精准医学发挥作用，需要实现两个基本目标。首先，疾病需要被分类为各种亚型。其次，必须为每种特定疾病亚型提供靶向治疗。因此，我们将本综述聚焦于在实现这两个目标方面所取得的进展。