Palchoudhury Soubantika, Das Parnab, Ghasemi Amirehsan, Tareq Syed Mohammed, Sengupta Sohini, Han Jinchen, Maglosky Sarah, Almanea Fajer, Jones Madison, Cox Collin, Rao Venkateswar
Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 5;16(15):5485. doi: 10.3390/ma16155485.
Nanoparticle-based drugs offer attractive advantages like targeted delivery to the diseased site and size and shape-controlled properties. Therefore, understanding the particulate flow of the nanodrugs is important for effective delivery, accurate prediction of required dosage, and developing efficient drug delivery platforms for nanodrugs. In this study, the transport of nanodrugs including flow velocity and deposition is investigated using three model metal oxide nanodrugs of different sizes including iron oxide, zinc oxide, and combined Cu-Zn-Fe oxide synthesized via a modified polyol approach. The hydrodynamic size, size, morphology, chemical composition, crystal phase, and surface functional groups of the water-soluble nanodrugs were characterized via dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Two different biomimetic flow channels with customized surfaces are developed via 3D printing to experimentally monitor the velocity and deposition of the different nanodrugs. A diffusion dominated mechanism of flow is seen in size ranges 92 nm to 110 nm of the nanodrugs, from the experimental velocity and mass loss profiles. The flow velocity analysis also shows that the transport of nanodrugs is controlled by sedimentation processes in the larger size ranges of 110-302 nm. However, the combined overview from experimental mass loss and velocity trends indicates presence of both diffusive and sedimentation forces in the 110-302 nm size ranges. It is also discovered that the nanodrugs with higher positive surface charges are transported faster through the two test channels, which also leads to lower deposition of these nanodrugs on the walls of the flow channels. The results from this study will be valuable in realizing reliable and cost-effective in vitro experimental approaches that can support in vivo methods to predict the flow of new nanodrugs.
基于纳米颗粒的药物具有诸多诱人优势，如能够靶向递送至病变部位，且具有尺寸和形状可控的特性。因此，了解纳米药物的颗粒流动对于实现有效递送、准确预测所需剂量以及开发高效的纳米药物递送平台至关重要。在本研究中，使用通过改进的多元醇方法合成的三种不同尺寸的模型金属氧化物纳米药物（包括氧化铁、氧化锌以及复合铜锌铁氧化物），对纳米药物的传输（包括流速和沉积）进行了研究。通过动态光散射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜 - 能量色散X射线、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱，分别对水溶性纳米药物的流体动力学尺寸、尺寸、形态、化学成分、晶相和表面官能团进行了表征。通过3D打印开发了两种具有定制表面的不同仿生流动通道，以实验方式监测不同纳米药物的流速和沉积情况。从实验得到的速度和质量损失曲线可以看出，在纳米药物尺寸范围为92纳米至110纳米时，存在扩散主导的流动机制。流速分析还表明，在尺寸范围为110 - 302纳米的较大尺寸纳米药物中，其传输受沉降过程控制。然而，综合实验质量损失和速度趋势来看，在110 - 302纳米尺寸范围内同时存在扩散力和沉降力。研究还发现，表面正电荷较高的纳米药物在两个测试通道中的传输速度更快，这也导致这些纳米药物在流动通道壁上的沉积较少。本研究结果对于实现可靠且经济高效的体外实验方法具有重要价值，这些方法能够支持体内方法来预测新型纳米药物的流动情况。
