Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2024 Jan;112(1):e35312. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35312. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has progressed exceedingly in the area of tissue engineering. Despite the tremendous potential of 3D printing, building scaffolds with complex 3D structure, especially with soft materials, still exist as a challenge due to the low mechanical strength of the materials. Recently, sacrificial materials have emerged as a possible solution to address this issue, as they could serve as temporary support or templates to fabricate scaffolds with intricate geometries, porous structures, and interconnected channels without deformation or collapse. Here, we outline the various types of scaffold biomaterials with sacrificial materials, their pros and cons, and mechanisms behind the sacrificial material removal, compare the manufacturing methods such as salt leaching, electrospinning, injection-molding, bioprinting with advantages and disadvantages, and discuss how sacrificial materials could be applied in tissue-specific applications to achieve desired structures. We finally conclude with future challenges and potential research directions.
三维（3D）打印技术在组织工程领域取得了飞速发展。尽管 3D 打印具有巨大的潜力，但由于材料的机械强度较低，构建具有复杂 3D 结构的支架，特别是使用软材料，仍然是一个挑战。最近，牺牲材料作为一种可能的解决方案出现了，因为它们可以作为临时支撑或模板，用于制造具有复杂几何形状、多孔结构和相互连通通道的支架，而不会发生变形或塌陷。在这里，我们概述了具有牺牲材料的各种支架生物材料的类型、它们的优缺点，以及牺牲材料去除的背后机制，比较了盐浸出、静电纺丝、注塑、生物打印等制造方法的优缺点，并讨论了牺牲材料如何应用于特定组织的应用，以实现所需的结构。最后，我们总结了未来的挑战和潜在的研究方向。
