Alahdal Murad, Perera Roshane A, Moschovas Marcio Covas, Patel Vipul, Perera Ranjan J
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 5th St. South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2023 Jul 19;30:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.07.004. eCollection 2023 Sep 21.
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence is increasing and endangers men's lives. Early detection of PCa could improve overall survival (OS) by preventing metastasis. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is a popular screening method. Several advisory groups, however, warn against using the PSA test due to its high false positive rate, unsupported outcome, and limited benefit. The number of disease-related biopsies performed annually far outweighs the number of diagnoses. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop accurate diagnostic biomarkers to detect PCa and distinguish between aggressive and indolent cancers. Recently, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)/ctRNA, exosomes, and metabolomic biomarkers in the liquid biopsies (LBs) of patients with PCa showed significant differences and clinical benefits in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy. The analysis of urinary exosomal ncRNA presented a substantial correlation among Exos-miR-375 downregulation, clinical T stage, and bone metastases of PCa. Furthermore, the expression of miR-532-5p in urine samples was a vital predictive biomarker of PCa progression. Thus, this review focuses on promising molecular and metabolomic biomarkers in LBs from patients with PCa. We thoroughly addressed the most recent clinical findings of LB biomarker use in diagnosing and monitoring PCa in early and advanced stages.
前列腺癌（PCa）的发病率正在上升，危及男性生命。早期检测PCa可通过预防转移来提高总生存率（OS）。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测是一种常用的筛查方法。然而，几个咨询小组警告不要使用PSA检测，因为其假阳性率高、结果缺乏依据且益处有限。每年进行的与疾病相关的活检数量远远超过诊断数量。因此，迫切需要开发准确的诊断生物标志物来检测PCa，并区分侵袭性癌和惰性癌。最近，PCa患者液体活检（LB）中的非编码RNA（ncRNA）、循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）/ctRNA、外泌体和代谢组学生物标志物在诊断、预后和监测治疗反应方面显示出显著差异和临床益处。尿外泌体ncRNA分析显示Exos-miR-375下调、临床T分期和PCa骨转移之间存在显著相关性。此外，尿液样本中miR-532-5p的表达是PCa进展的重要预测生物标志物。因此，本综述重点关注PCa患者LB中有前景的分子和代谢组学生物标志物。我们全面阐述了LB生物标志物在早期和晚期PCa诊断和监测中的最新临床发现。
