Research Centre in "Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research", School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University (UGent), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 21;18(9):4408. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094408.
Dietary habits are influenced by various determinants that may evolve over time. This study aimed to examine, among adolescents in Belgium, trends in the dietary habits between 1990 and 2014 and to determine changes in family and regional disparities related to diet during this time period. In the 1990, 2002 and 2014 cross-sectional "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) surveys, food consumption was estimated using a short Food Frequency Questionnaire. The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) enabled quantification of the gradients of inequality related to the family structure and to the region for non-daily fruit and vegetable and daily sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Between 1990 and 2014, the prevalence of non-daily fruit consumption increased from 27.7% to 60.6%, whereas the daily SSB consumption decreased from 58.9% to 34.8%. Over time, a downward trend in family disparities ( = 0.007) was observed for daily fruit consumption (RII: 1.58 (1.33-1.88) to 1.18 (1.13-1.23)). An upward trend in region-related disparities (p < 0.001) for SSB was found (RII: 1.15 (1.07-1.23) to 1.37 (1.28-1.47)). The overall trend of increasing disparities when dietary habits improved and decreasing disparities when dietary habits worsened highlights the need to implement actions that improve overall dietary habits while ensuring that disparities do not increase.
饮食习惯受到多种决定因素的影响，这些因素可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化。本研究旨在调查比利时青少年在 1990 年至 2014 年期间饮食习惯的变化趋势，并确定在此期间与饮食相关的家庭和地区差异的变化情况。在 1990 年、2002 年和 2014 年的横断面“青少年健康行为”（HBSC）调查中，使用简短的食物频率问卷来估计食物摄入量。相对不平等指数（RII）能够量化与家庭结构和地区相关的非日常水果和蔬菜以及日常含糖饮料（SSB）消费的不平等梯度。在 1990 年至 2014 年间，非日常水果消费的比例从 27.7%增加到 60.6%，而每日 SSB 的消费从 58.9%减少到 34.8%。随着时间的推移，日常水果消费的家庭差异呈下降趋势（ = 0.007）（RII：1.58（1.33-1.88）至 1.18（1.13-1.23））。发现 SSB 与地区相关的差异呈上升趋势（p < 0.001）（RII：1.15（1.07-1.23）至 1.37（1.28-1.47））。饮食习惯改善时，总体差距呈上升趋势，而饮食习惯恶化时，总体差距呈下降趋势，这突出表明需要采取行动改善整体饮食习惯，同时确保差距不会扩大。
