Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023 Nov;19(11):626-638. doi: 10.1038/s41574-023-00879-4. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Adipose tissue is a dynamic component of the bone marrow, regulating skeletal remodelling and secreting paracrine and endocrine factors that can affect haematopoiesis, as well as potentially nourishing the bone marrow during periods of stress. Bone marrow adipose tissue is regulated by multiple factors, but particularly nutrient status. In this Review, we examine how bone marrow adipocytes originate, their function in normal and pathological states and how bone marrow adipose tissue modulates whole-body homoeostasis through actions on bone cells, haematopoietic stem cells and extra-medullary adipocytes during nutritional challenges. We focus on both rodent models and human studies to help understand the unique marrow adipocyte, its response to the external nutrient environment and its effects on the skeleton. We finish by addressing some critical questions that to date remain unanswered.
脂肪组织是骨髓的一个活跃组成部分，可调节骨骼重塑，并分泌旁分泌和内分泌因子，这些因子可影响造血，同时在压力时期为骨髓提供营养。骨髓脂肪组织受多种因素调节，但主要与营养状态有关。在本综述中，我们探讨了骨髓脂肪细胞的起源、其在正常和病理状态下的功能，以及骨髓脂肪组织如何通过在营养挑战期间对骨细胞、造血干细胞和骨髓外脂肪细胞的作用来调节全身内稳态。我们重点关注啮齿动物模型和人体研究，以帮助理解独特的骨髓脂肪细胞及其对外部营养环境的反应，以及其对骨骼的影响。最后，我们提出了一些迄今尚未解答的关键问题。
