Antrum Curtis Jalen, Waring Molly E, Cohen Juliana F W, Stowers Kristen Cooksey
Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 258 Mansfield Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike St, North Andover, MA 01845, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Jul 26;35:102349. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102349. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Previous studies have linked food consumption outside the home and fast food to poor diet quality and living within a food swamp to an increased likelihood of obesity. A growing amount of research has linked food marketing to food choice. Still, limited information is available on how this dynamic may work within fast food establishments and if the marketing strategies used may vary by neighborhood food swamp status. Utilizing the Environment Assessment (EAT) Tool, we examined the within-store marketing environment of fast food restaurants to understand the factors potentially influencing food choice. A cross-sectional study design surveyed fast food outlets (n = 170) for unhealthy advertisements. Each fast-food outlet was assigned an FSI score based on its geographic location and proximity to unhealthy outlets. Outlets were assessed for associations between food swamp status and unhealthy advertisements. Poisson Regression was performed to assess the relationship between unhealthy advertisements and FSI score. Low FSI had a mean unhealthy advertisement score of 36.79 (11.06). Moderate and High FSI had mean unhealthy advertisement scores of 33.03 (14.67) and 31.71 (12.63), respectively. The number of unhealthy advertisements did not differ by food swamp categories (Moderate FSI IRR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74-1.09; High FSI IRR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.01 vs. low FSI). Differences in marketing environments by food swamp status were not observed. Future research should examine other factors of the food swamp environment and additional factors such as television or social media to understand its association with food choice.
以往的研究将外出就餐和快餐与不良饮食质量联系起来，并将生活在食物沼泽地区与肥胖可能性增加联系起来。越来越多的研究将食品营销与食物选择联系起来。然而，关于这种动态关系在快餐店中如何起作用，以及所采用的营销策略是否会因社区食物沼泽状况而异，目前可得的信息有限。我们利用环境评估（EAT）工具，研究了快餐店店内的营销环境，以了解可能影响食物选择的因素。一项横断面研究设计对快餐门店（n = 170）进行了不健康广告调查。每个快餐门店根据其地理位置和与不健康门店的 proximity 被赋予一个FSI分数。对门店进行评估，以确定食物沼泽状况与不健康广告之间的关联。进行泊松回归以评估不健康广告与FSI分数之间的关系。低FSI的平均不健康广告分数为36.79（11.06）。中度和高FSI的平均不健康广告分数分别为33.03（14.67）和31.71（12.63）。不健康广告的数量在不同食物沼泽类别之间没有差异（中度FSI IRR：0.90，95%CI：0.74 - 1.09；高FSI IRR：0.86，95%CI：0.73 - 1.01 vs. 低FSI）。未观察到食物沼泽状况导致的营销环境差异
