Department of Strength, Power and Technical Sports, Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 18;18(8):e0290275. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290275. eCollection 2023.
Maximal barbell power output (Pmax) and vertical barbell threshold velocity (vthres) are major determinants of weightlifting performance. Moreover, an optimal force-velocity relationship (FvR) profile is an additional variable that has the potential to maximize sports performance. The aims of this study were (i) to present a biomechanical model to calculate an optimal FvR profile for weightlifting, and (ii) to determine how vthres, Pmax, and the optimal FvR profile influence theoretical snatch performance (snatchth). To address these aims, simulations were applied to quantify the respective influence on snatchth. The main findings confirmed that at constant vthres and Pmax, snatchth is maximized at an optimal FvR profile. With increasing Pmax and decreasing vthres, the optimal FvR profile becomes more force dominated and more effective to enhance snatchth. However, sensitivity analysis showed that vthres and Pmax have a larger effect on snatchth than the optimal FvR profile. It can be concluded that in weightlifting, training protocols should be designed with the goal to improve Pmax and to reduce vthres to ultimately enhance snatchth. Training programs designed to achieve the optimal FvR profile may constitute an additional training goal to further develop weightlifting performance in elite athletes that already present high Pmax levels.
最大杠铃功率输出（Pmax）和垂直杠铃阈速度（vthres）是举重表现的主要决定因素。此外，优化的力量-速度关系（FvR）曲线是一个潜在的额外变量，可以最大限度地提高运动表现。本研究的目的是：（i）提出一个生物力学模型来计算举重的最佳 FvR 曲线，以及（ii）确定 vthres、Pmax 和最佳 FvR 曲线如何影响理论抓举成绩（snatchth）。为了解决这些目标，模拟应用于量化各自对 snatchth 的影响。主要发现证实，在恒定的 vthres 和 Pmax 下，最佳 FvR 曲线使 snatchth 最大化。随着 Pmax 的增加和 vthres 的降低，最佳 FvR 曲线变得更具力量主导性，对提高 snatchth 更有效。然而，敏感性分析表明，vthres 和 Pmax 对 snatchth 的影响大于最佳 FvR 曲线。可以得出结论，在举重中，训练方案的设计目标应该是提高 Pmax 和降低 vthres，最终提高 snatchth。旨在达到最佳 FvR 曲线的训练计划可能构成一个额外的训练目标，以进一步发展已经具有高 Pmax 水平的精英运动员的举重表现。
