Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Aug 19;23(1):1586. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16493-y.
The objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis (TB) high-risk among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis.
The studies included were those published in English, from original research, presented findings relevant to tuberculosis high-risk across the globe, published between 2017 and 2023, and were based on geospatial analysis of TB. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and were blinded to each other`s comments. The resultant disagreement was resolved by a third blinded reviewer. For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated were used. The searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. and Google Scholar.
A total of 79 published articles with a 40-year study period between 1982 and 2022 were evaluated. Based on the 79 studies, more than 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB were from Asia, followed by South America with 23%, Africa had about 15%, and others with 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the high-risk and the factors that affect the hotspot's location are evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate-related clustering (15%), high-risk spread to neighbouring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%).
There exist specific high-risk for TB which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policymakers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis be carried out to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.
本系统评价的目的是确定全球普通人群中的结核病（TB）高危人群。本研究采用以下步骤进行：阐述研究问题、搜索相关文献、选择发现的研究、提取数据、分析和综合证据。
纳入的研究为发表于英文期刊的原创研究，研究结果与全球范围内的结核病高危相关，发表时间为 2017 年至 2023 年，且基于结核病的地理空间分析。两名评审员独立选择文章，彼此之间的意见相互保密。产生分歧时由第三名评审员进行盲评。文献检索使用了针对要调查的问题的受控和自由词汇。检索在 PubMed、LILACS、EMBASE、Scopus 和 Web of Science 以及 Google Scholar 上进行。
共评估了 79 篇发表文章，研究期间为 1982 年至 2022 年的 40 年。基于这 79 项研究，超过 40%的开展结核病地理空间分析的国家来自亚洲，其次是南美洲（23%）、非洲（15%）和其他地区（2%和 1%）。在各种研究中使用了各种地图，最常用的是主题地图（32%）、比率地图（26%）、时间趋势地图（20%）和其他地图，如核密度地图（6%）。与贫困的社会经济条件构成（39%）、高人口密度（17%）、与气候相关的聚类（15%）、高危向邻近城市扩散（13%）、不稳定和非随机聚类（11%）相关的高风险地区的特征和影响热点位置的因素通过与社会经济条件差和气候条件差相关的研究显而易见。
结核病存在特定的高危地区，这些地区与社会经济条件差和气候条件差有关，这些地区一旦被熟知，将成为政策制定者干预的目标。我们建议进行更多利用空间、时间和时空分析的研究，以指出易患结核病的领土和人群。
