Visco Valeria, Izzo Carmine, Bonadies Davide, Di Feo Federica, Caliendo Giuseppe, Loria Francesco, Mancusi Costantino, Chivasso Pierpaolo, Di Pietro Paola, Virtuoso Nicola, Carrizzo Albino, Vecchione Carmine, Ciccarelli Michele
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023 Jul 31;10(8):327. doi: 10.3390/jcdd10080327.
Obesity is a growing public health epidemic worldwide and is implicated in slowing improved life expectancy and increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk; indeed, several obesity-related mechanisms drive structural, functional, humoral, and hemodynamic heart alterations. On the other hand, obesity may indirectly cause CV disease, mediated through different obesity-associated comorbidities. Diet and physical activity are key points in preventing CV disease and reducing CV risk; however, these strategies alone are not always sufficient, so other approaches, such as pharmacological treatments and bariatric surgery, must support them. Moreover, these strategies are associated with improved CV risk factors and effectively reduce the incidence of death and CV events such as myocardial infarction and stroke; consequently, an individualized care plan with a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. More precisely, this review explores several interventions (diet, physical activity, pharmacological and surgical treatments) to address CV risk in obese patients and emphasizes the importance of adherence to treatments.
肥胖是全球范围内日益严重的公共卫生问题，与预期寿命增长放缓和心血管（CV）风险增加有关；事实上，几种与肥胖相关的机制会导致心脏结构、功能、体液和血流动力学改变。另一方面，肥胖可能通过不同的肥胖相关合并症间接导致心血管疾病。饮食和体育活动是预防心血管疾病和降低心血管风险的关键；然而，仅靠这些策略并不总是足够的，因此必须辅以其他方法，如药物治疗和减肥手术。此外，这些策略与改善心血管风险因素相关，并能有效降低死亡和心血管事件（如心肌梗死和中风）的发生率；因此，建议采用多学科方法制定个性化护理计划。更确切地说，本综述探讨了几种针对肥胖患者心血管风险的干预措施（饮食、体育活动、药物和手术治疗），并强调了坚持治疗的重要性。
