Cervantes José-Antonio, López Sonia, Cervantes Salvador, Hernández Aribei, Duarte Heiler
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, Mexico.
Brain Sci. 2023 Aug 7;13(8):1172. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13081172.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that affects a large number of young people in the world. The current treatments for children living with ADHD combine different approaches, such as pharmacological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychological treatment. However, the computer science research community has been working on developing non-pharmacological treatments based on novel technologies for dealing with ADHD. For instance, social robots are physically embodied agents with some autonomy and social interaction capabilities. Nowadays, these social robots are used in therapy sessions as a mediator between therapists and children living with ADHD. Another novel technology for dealing with ADHD is serious video games based on a brain-computer interface (BCI). These BCI video games can offer cognitive and neurofeedback training to children living with ADHD. This paper presents a systematic review of the current state of the art of these two technologies. As a result of this review, we identified the maturation level of systems based on these technologies and how they have been evaluated. Additionally, we have highlighted ethical and technological challenges that must be faced to improve these recently introduced technologies in healthcare.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，其特征为注意力不集中、多动和冲动，影响着全球大量青少年。目前针对患有ADHD的儿童的治疗方法结合了不同的途径，如药物治疗、行为治疗、认知治疗和心理治疗。然而，计算机科学研究界一直在致力于基于新技术开发非药物治疗方法来应对ADHD。例如，社交机器人是具有一定自主性和社交互动能力的实体化智能体。如今，这些社交机器人在治疗过程中被用作治疗师与患有ADHD的儿童之间的调解工具。另一种用于应对ADHD的新技术是基于脑机接口（BCI）的严肃电子游戏。这些BCI电子游戏可以为患有ADHD的儿童提供认知和神经反馈训练。本文对这两种技术的当前技术水平进行了系统综述。通过这一综述，我们确定了基于这些技术的系统的成熟程度以及它们是如何被评估的。此外，我们强调了在医疗保健领域改进这些最新引入的技术时必须面对的伦理和技术挑战。
