Zhang Guanchu, Liu Qiangbo, Zhang Zhimeng, Ci Dunwei, Zhang Jialei, Xu Yang, Guo Qing, Xu Manlin, He Kang
Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China.
National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Aug 9;12(16):2902. doi: 10.3390/plants12162902.
Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, such as soil degradation and environmental pollution. Therefore, we reduced conventional nitrogen fertilization and added organic fertilizers in some cases to investigate the response of photosynthetic characteristics, root nodules and yield on reduced nitrogen fertilization. Compared to conventional nitrogen fertilization, the 25% and 35% nitrogen reduction treatments reduced the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and the yield of peanut, but had no significant effect on the kernel rate. With constant N fertilizer, adding organic fertilization alone increased leaf area index, chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate and yield of peanut. In compounded treatments of nitrogen and organic fertilizer, the highest yields were achieved in the 25% N reduction with the 3000 kg/hm organic fertilizer treatment (T3) and the 4500 kg/hm organic fertilizer treatment (T4); furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, yield and fertilizer contribution were significantly higher in these two treatments than in the conventional fertilizer treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the quantity and fresh weight of root nodules. Concretely, nitrogen reduction increased the quantity and fresh weight of root nodules of peanut in the early stage of fertility but decreased them in the harvest stage. Nitrogen reduction with an additional organic fertilizer in the late stage of fertility increased the quantity and fresh weight of root nodules of peanut. Considering the property of root nodules was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate and yield, the arguments above may be the mechanism of the highest yields found in T3 and T4. This work can provide empirical and instructional support for a balanced fertilization strategy in peanut agriculture and high-yielding and efficient cultivation of peanut.
长期过量施用化肥会引发诸多问题，如土壤退化和环境污染。因此，我们减少了常规氮肥施用量，并在某些情况下添加了有机肥，以研究减氮处理对光合特性、根瘤和产量的影响。与常规氮肥处理相比，减氮25%和35%的处理降低了花生的叶面积指数、净光合速率、百果重、百仁重和产量，但对出仁率无显著影响。在氮肥用量不变的情况下，单独添加有机肥可提高花生的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和产量。在氮与有机肥配施处理中，减氮25%并配施3000 kg/hm有机肥处理（T3）和4500 kg/hm有机肥处理（T4）的产量最高；此外，这两个处理的净光合速率、叶面积指数、产量和肥料贡献率均显著高于常规施肥处理。氮肥对花生根瘤的数量和鲜重有显著影响。具体而言，减氮在生育前期增加了花生根瘤的数量和鲜重，但在收获期则降低了根瘤数量和鲜重。在生育后期减氮并增施有机肥增加了花生根瘤的数量和鲜重。鉴于根瘤特性与净光合速率和产量显著正相关，上述结果可能是T3和T4产量最高的原因。本研究可为花生平衡施肥策略及花生高产高效栽培提供经验和指导依据。
