Zuri Giuseppina, Karanasiou Angeliki, Lacorte Sílvia
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research of the Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research of the Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 15;237(Pt 1):116966. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116966. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles (<5 mm) ubiquitous in water, soil, and air, indicating that humans can be exposed to MPs through ingestion of water and food, and inhalation.
This review provides an overview of the current human biomonitoring data available to evaluate human exposure and health impact of MPs.
We compiled 91 relevant studies on MPs in human matrices and MPs toxicological endpoints to provide evidence on MPs distribution in the different tissues and the implications this can have from a health perspective.
Human exposure to MPs has been corroborated by the detection of MPs in different human biological samples including blood, urine, stool, lung tissue, breast milk, semen and placenta. Although humans have clearance mechanisms protecting them from potentially harmful substances, health risks associated to MPs exposure include the onset of inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, potentially leading to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as cancer, as suggested by in vitro and in vivo studies.
Based on compiled data, MPs have been recurrently identified in different human tissues and fluids, suggesting that humans are exposed to MPs through inhalation and ingestion. Despite differences in MPs concentrations appear in exposed and non-exposed people, accumulation and distribution pathways and potential human health hazards is still at an infant stage. Human biomonitoring data enables the assessment of human exposure to MPs and associated risks, and this information can contribute to draw management actions and guidelines to minimize MP release to the environment, and thus, reduce human uptake.
微塑料（MPs）是指直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，广泛存在于水、土壤和空气中，这表明人类可通过饮水、进食以及吸入等途径接触到微塑料。
本综述概述了目前可用于评估人类对微塑料的暴露情况及其对健康影响的人体生物监测数据。
我们汇总了91项关于人体基质中微塑料及微塑料毒理学终点的相关研究，以提供微塑料在不同组织中的分布证据及其对健康的潜在影响。
在包括血液、尿液、粪便、肺组织、母乳、精液和胎盘在内的不同人体生物样本中检测到微塑料，证实了人类已接触到微塑料。尽管人类具有清除机制来保护自身免受潜在有害物质的侵害，但体外和体内研究表明，与微塑料暴露相关的健康风险包括炎症、氧化应激和DNA损伤的发生，可能导致心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病以及癌症。
根据汇总的数据，微塑料已在不同人体组织和体液中反复被检测到，这表明人类通过吸入和摄入接触到微塑料。尽管暴露人群和未暴露人群的微塑料浓度存在差异，但微塑料的积累和分布途径以及对人类健康的潜在危害仍处于起步阶段。人体生物监测数据有助于评估人类对微塑料的暴露情况及其相关风险，这些信息可用于制定管理措施和指南，以尽量减少微塑料向环境中的释放，从而减少人类的摄入量。
