Paz Alexandra, Holt Karla J, Clarke Anik, Aviles Ari, Abraham Briana, Keene Alex C, Duboué Erik R, Fily Yaouen, Kowalko Johanna E
Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
Department of Biology, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
iScience. 2023 Jul 20;26(9):107431. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107431. eCollection 2023 Sep 15.
Collective motion emerges from individual interactions which produce group-wide patterns in behavior. While adaptive changes to collective motion are observed across animal species, how local interactions change when these collective behaviors evolve is poorly understood. Here, we use the Mexican tetra, which exists as a schooling surface form and a non-schooling cave form, to study differences in how fish alter their swimming in response to neighbors across ontogeny and between evolutionarily diverged populations. We find that surface fish undergo a transition to schooling mediated by changes in the way fish modulate speed and turning relative to neighbors. This transition begins with the tendency to align to neighbors emerging by 28 days post-fertilization and ends with the emergence of robust attraction by 70 days post-fertilization. Cavefish exhibit neither alignment nor attraction at any stage of development. These results reveal how evolution alters local interactions to produce striking differences in collective behavior.
集体运动源于个体间的相互作用，这种相互作用会产生全群体范围的行为模式。虽然在各种动物物种中都观察到了集体运动的适应性变化，但对于这些集体行为进化时局部相互作用是如何变化的，我们却知之甚少。在这里，我们利用墨西哥丽脂鲤来研究鱼类在个体发育过程中以及在进化上分化的种群之间如何根据邻居的情况改变其游泳方式的差异，墨西哥丽脂鲤有群居的表层形态和非群居的洞穴形态。我们发现，表层鱼类会经历一个向群居行为的转变，这种转变是由鱼类相对于邻居调节速度和转向方式的变化介导的。这种转变始于受精后28天出现的与邻居对齐的倾向，并在受精后70天出现强烈的吸引力时结束。洞穴鱼在发育的任何阶段都既不表现出对齐也不表现出吸引力。这些结果揭示了进化如何改变局部相互作用，从而在集体行为中产生显著差异。
