Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190005, India.
Microbiol Res. 2023 Nov;276:127479. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127479. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
The role of endophytes in maintaining healthy plant ecosystems and holding promise for agriculture and food security is deeply appreciated. In the current study, we determine the community structure, spatial distribution, chemical diversity, and ecological functions of fungal endophytes of Rosa damascena growing in the North-Western Himalayas. Culture-dependent methods revealed that R. damascena supported a rich endophyte diversity comprising 32 genera and 68 OTUs. The diversity was governed by climate, altitude, and tissue type. Species of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Diaporthe were the core endophytes of the host plant consisting of 48.8% of the endophytes collectively. The predominant pathogen of the host was Alternaria spp., especially A. alternata. GC-MS analyses affirmed the production of diverse arrays of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by individual endophytes. Among the primary rose oil components, Diaporthe melonis RDE257, and Periconia verrucosa RDE85 produced phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) and benzyl alcohol (BA). The endophytes displayed varied levels of plant growth-promoting, colonization, and anti-pathogenic traits. Between the selected endophytes, P. verrucosa and D. melonis significantly potentiated plant growth and the flavonoids and chlorophyll content in the host. The potential of these two endophytes and their metabolites PEA and BA was confirmed on Nicotiana tabacum. The treatments of the metabolites and individual endophytes enhanced the growth parameters in the model plant significantly. The results imply that P. verrucosa and D. melonis are potential plant growth enhancers and their activity may be partially due to the production of PEA and BA. Thus, R. damascena harbors diverse endophytes with potential applications in disease suppression and host growth promotion. Further investigations at the molecular level are warranted to develop green endophytic agents for sustainable cultivation of R. damascena and biocontrol of leaf spot disease.
内生真菌在维持健康植物生态系统中的作用及其在农业和粮食安全方面的应用前景受到了广泛关注。本研究旨在确定生长在喜马拉雅山西北部的大马士革玫瑰内生真菌的群落结构、空间分布、化学多样性和生态功能。基于培养的方法，我们发现大马士革玫瑰内生真菌多样性丰富，包含 32 个属和 68 个 OTUs。这种多样性受气候、海拔和组织类型的影响。曲霉属、枝孢属、青霉属和间座壳属的物种是宿主植物的核心内生真菌，共占内生真菌的 48.8%。宿主的主要病原体是链格孢属，尤其是Alternaria alternata。GC-MS 分析证实了单个内生真菌能够产生多样化的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。在主要的玫瑰油成分中，RDE257 产生苯乙醇（PEA）和苯甲醇（BA）的内生真菌 Diaporthe melonis 和 RDE85 产生 Periconia verrucosa。内生真菌表现出不同程度的植物促生、定殖和抗病原特性。在所选择的内生真菌中，RDE85 产生 Periconia verrucosa 和 RDE257 显著增强了宿主植物的生长和类黄酮及叶绿素含量。这两种内生真菌及其代谢产物 PEA 和 BA 的潜力在烟草中得到了验证。代谢产物和单个内生真菌的处理显著增强了模式植物的生长参数。这些结果表明，RDE85 产生 Periconia verrucosa 和 D. melonis 是潜在的植物生长促进剂，其活性可能部分归因于 PEA 和 BA 的产生。因此，大马士革玫瑰内生真菌具有广泛的应用潜力，可用于抑制病害和促进宿主生长。需要进一步进行分子水平的研究，以开发用于大马士革玫瑰可持续栽培和叶斑病生物防治的绿色内生真菌制剂。
