Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
Virol J. 2023 Aug 28;20(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02159-z.
Although three years after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the virus is still having a significant impact on human health and the global economy. Infection through respiratory droplets is the main transmission route, but the transmission of the virus by surface contact cannot be ignored. Hand sanitizers and antiviral films can be applied to control SARS-CoV-2, but sanitizers and films show drawbacks such as resistance of the virus against ethanol and environmental problems including the overuse of plastics. Therefore, this study suggested applying natural substrates to hand sanitizers and antiviral films made of biodegradable plastic (PLA). This approach is expected to provide advantages for the easy control of SARS-CoV-2 through the application of natural substances.
Antiviral disinfectants and films were manufactured by adding caffeic acid and vanillin to ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, and PLA. Antiviral efficacies were evaluated with slightly modified international standard testing methods EN 14,476 and ISO 21,702.
In suspension, all the hand sanitizers evaluated in this study showed a reduction of more than 4 log within 2 min against HCoV-229E. After natural substances were added to the hand sanitizers, the time needed to reach the detection limit of the viral titer was shortened both in suspension and porcine skin. However, no difference in the time needed to reach the detection limit of the viral titer was observed in benzalkonium chloride. In the case of antiviral films, those made using both PLA and natural substances showed a 1 log reduction of HCoV-229E compared to the neat PLA film for all treatment groups. Furthermore, the influence of the organic load was evaluated according to the number of contacts of the antiviral products with porcine skin. Ten rubs on the skin resulted in slightly higher antiviral activity than 50 rubs.
This study revealed that caffeic acid and vanillin can be effectively used to control HCoV-229E for hand sanitizers and antiviral films. In addition, it is recommended to remove organic matter from the skin for maintaining the antiviral activity of hand sanitizer and antiviral film as the antiviral activity decreased as the organic load increased in this study.
尽管 SARS-CoV-2 爆发已经三年，但该病毒仍对人类健康和全球经济造成重大影响。飞沫传播是主要的传播途径，但不能忽视病毒通过表面接触的传播。洗手液和抗病毒薄膜可用于控制 SARS-CoV-2，但洗手液和薄膜存在病毒对乙醇的抗药性和包括塑料过度使用在内的环境问题等缺点。因此，本研究建议将天然基质应用于由可生物降解塑料（PLA）制成的洗手液和抗病毒薄膜。这种方法有望通过应用天然物质为 SARS-CoV-2 的轻松控制提供优势。
通过向乙醇、异丙醇、苯扎氯铵和 PLA 中添加咖啡酸和香草醛来制造抗病毒消毒剂和薄膜。使用略微修改的国际标准测试方法 EN 14,476 和 ISO 21,702 评估抗病毒功效。
在悬浮液中，本研究评估的所有洗手液在 2 分钟内对 HCoV-229E 的减少均超过 4 个对数。在手消毒剂中添加天然物质后，无论是在悬浮液还是在猪皮中，达到病毒滴度检测限所需的时间都缩短了。然而，在苯扎氯铵中，达到病毒滴度检测限所需的时间没有差异。在抗病毒薄膜的情况下，与纯 PLA 薄膜相比，使用 PLA 和天然物质制成的薄膜对 HCoV-229E 的减少均为 1 个对数。此外，根据抗病毒产品与猪皮的接触次数评估了有机负荷的影响。与 50 次摩擦相比，10 次摩擦对皮肤的抗病毒活性略高。
本研究表明，咖啡酸和香草醛可有效地用于控制 HCoV-229E 的洗手液和抗病毒薄膜。此外，建议从皮肤中去除有机物，以维持洗手液和抗病毒薄膜的抗病毒活性，因为本研究中随着有机负荷的增加，抗病毒活性降低。
