Cruciani Alessandro, Mancuso Marco, Sveva Valerio, Maccarrone Davide, Todisco Antonio, Motolese Francesco, Santoro Francesca, Pilato Fabio, Spampinato Danny Adrian, Rocchi Lorenzo, Di Lazzaro Vincenzo, Capone Fioravante
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, and Psychiatry, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Aug 14;17:1247104. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1247104. eCollection 2023.
Over the past decades, among all the non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, those aiming for neuromodulatory protocols have gained special attention. The traditional neurophysiological outcome to estimate the neuromodulatory effect is the motor evoked potential (MEP), the impact of NIBS techniques is commonly estimated as the change in MEP amplitude. This approach has several limitations: first, the use of MEP limits the evaluation of stimulation to the motor cortex excluding all the other brain areas. Second, MEP is an indirect measure of brain activity and is influenced by several factors. To overcome these limitations several studies have used new outcomes to measure brain changes after neuromodulation techniques with the concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). In the present review, we examine studies that use TMS-EEG before and after a single session of neuromodulatory TMS. Then, we focused our literature research on the description of the different metrics derived from TMS-EEG to measure the effect of neuromodulation.
在过去几十年中，在所有非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）技术中，旨在进行神经调节方案的技术受到了特别关注。用于估计神经调节效果的传统神经生理学结果是运动诱发电位（MEP），NIBS技术的影响通常通过MEP幅度的变化来估计。这种方法有几个局限性：第一，MEP的使用将刺激评估限制在运动皮层，排除了所有其他脑区。第二，MEP是脑活动的间接测量指标，受多种因素影响。为了克服这些局限性，一些研究使用了新的结果来测量神经调节技术后的脑变化，同时使用了经颅磁刺激（TMS）和脑电图（EEG）。在本综述中，我们研究了在单次神经调节性TMS前后使用TMS-EEG的研究。然后，我们将文献研究重点放在描述从TMS-EEG得出的不同指标上，以测量神经调节的效果。
