Shademan Behrouz, Karamad Vahidreza, Nourazarian Alireza, Masjedi Sepideh, Isazadeh Alireza, Sogutlu Fatma, Avcı Cigir Biray
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
Adv Pharm Bull. 2023 Jul;13(3):435-445. doi: 10.34172/apb.2023.047. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
MicroRNAs are small RNAs with ability to attach to the large number of RNA that regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level via inhibition or degradation of specific mRNAs. MiRNAs in cells are the primary regulators of functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and considerably influence cell function. The expression levels of microRNAs change in human diseases, including cancer. These changes highlight their essential role in cancer pathogenesis. Ubiquitous irregular expression profiles of miRNAs have been detected in various human cancers using genome-wide identification techniques, which are emerging as novel diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers of high specificity and sensitivity. The measurable miRNAs with enhanced stability in blood, tissues, and other body fluids provide a comprehensive source of miRNA-dependent biomarkers for human cancers. The leading role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in human cancers is discussed in this article. In addition, the interests and difficulties of miRNAs as biomarkers have been explored.
微小RNA是一类小RNA，能够附着于大量RNA，通过抑制或降解特定信使核糖核酸（mRNA）在转录后水平调节基因表达。细胞中的微小RNA是细胞生长、分化和凋亡等功能的主要调节因子，对细胞功能有重大影响。微小RNA的表达水平在包括癌症在内的人类疾病中会发生变化。这些变化突出了它们在癌症发病机制中的重要作用。使用全基因组鉴定技术在各种人类癌症中检测到微小RNA普遍存在不规则的表达谱，这些技术正成为具有高特异性和敏感性的新型癌症诊断和预后生物标志物。在血液、组织和其他体液中具有增强稳定性的可测量微小RNA为人类癌症提供了全面的依赖微小RNA的生物标志物来源。本文讨论了微小RNA作为人类癌症潜在生物标志物的主导作用。此外，还探讨了微小RNA作为生物标志物的研究兴趣和困难。
