Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2249150. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249150.
Vitamin D, microbiota, and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been the focus of recent research due to their potential role in maintaining overall health. We hypothesize that MedDiet may alter the gut microbiota profile through changes in vitamin D levels. We aimed to investigate changes in gut microbiota and serum vitamin D levels after a MedDiet within a lifestyle intervention. The study included 91 patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, who were categorized based on their serum vitamin D levels as having either optimal or low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D levels]. The profile of the gut microbiota was analyzed by the 16S rRNA sequencing, inferring its functionality through PICRUsT. Participants underwent a hypocaloric MedDiet and change in their lifestyle for 1 year, and the profile and functionality of their gut microbiota were evaluated by analyzing inter-individual differences in time. At baseline, gut microbiota profiles qualitatively differed between participants with Optimal or Low 25(OH)D levels [Unweighted ( = 0.016)]. Moreover, participants with Optimal 25(OH)D levels showed a higher gut microbiota diversity than those with Low 25(OH)D levels ( < 0.05). The differential analysis of abundance between the Low and Optimal 25(OH)D groups revealed differences in the levels of , , and two features. After 1-year dietary intervention, both groups increased their 25(OH)D levels. Furthermore, both groups did not show significant differences in gut microbiota diversity, although the Low 25(OH)D group showed greater improvement in gut microbiota diversity by comparing at baseline and after dietary intervention ( < 0.05). Changes in specific bacterial taxa were observed within each group but did not differ significantly between the groups. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated differences in microbial functions between the groups ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that 25(OH)D status is associated with gut microbiota composition, diversity, and functionality, and lifestyle intervention can modulate both gut microbiota and 25(OH)D levels, potentially influencing metabolic pathways.
维生素 D、微生物群和地中海饮食（MedDiet）一直是最近研究的焦点，因为它们在维持整体健康方面具有潜在作用。我们假设 MedDiet 通过改变维生素 D 水平来改变肠道微生物群谱。我们旨在研究 MedDiet 生活方式干预后肠道微生物群和血清维生素 D 水平的变化。该研究包括 91 名肥胖和代谢综合征患者，根据血清维生素 D 水平分为维生素 D 水平最佳或低 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D 水平]。通过 16S rRNA 测序分析肠道微生物群的图谱，通过 PICRUsT 推断其功能。参与者接受低热量 MedDiet 和生活方式改变 1 年，并通过分析时间上的个体间差异来评估其肠道微生物群的图谱和功能。在基线时，维生素 D 水平最佳或低的参与者之间的肠道微生物群图谱在质量上存在差异[未加权（ = 0.016)]。此外，维生素 D 水平最佳的参与者的肠道微生物群多样性高于维生素 D 水平低的参与者（ < 0.05）。低和最佳 25(OH)D 组之间丰度的差异分析显示出水平的差异，和两个特征。经过 1 年的饮食干预，两组均升高 25(OH)D 水平。此外，两组在肠道微生物群多样性方面没有显著差异，尽管低 25(OH)D 组在基线和饮食干预后比较时显示出更大的肠道微生物群多样性改善（ < 0.05）。在每个组内观察到特定细菌分类群的变化，但组间没有显著差异。代谢途径分析表明组间微生物功能存在差异（ < 0.05）。这些发现表明 25(OH)D 状态与肠道微生物群组成、多样性和功能有关，生活方式干预可以调节肠道微生物群和 25(OH)D 水平，可能影响代谢途径。
