Chakraborty Ashok, Diwan Anil, Tatake Jayant
AllExcel, Inc, Shelton, CT 06484, USA.
AIMS Microbiol. 2023 May 10;9(3):444-466. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023024. eCollection 2023.
In recent years studies of nanomaterials have been explored in the field of microbiology due to the increasing evidence of antibiotic resistance. Nanomaterials could be inorganic or organic, and they may be synthesized from natural products from plant or animal origin. The therapeutic applications of nano-materials are wide, from diagnosis of disease to targeted delivery of drugs. Broad-spectrum antiviral and antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles are also well evident. The ratio of nanoparticles surface area to their volume is high and that allows them to be an advantageous vehicle of drugs in many respects. Effective uses of various materials for the synthesis of nanoparticles impart much specificity in them to meet the requirements of specific therapeutic strategies. The potential therapeutic use of nanoparticles and their mechanisms of action against infections from bacteria, fungi and viruses were the focus of this review. Further, their potential advantages, drawbacks, limitations and side effects are also included here. Researchers are characterizing the exposure pathways of nano-medicines that may cause serious toxicity to the subjects or the environment. Indeed, societal ethical issues in using nano-medicines pose a serious question to scientists beyond anything.
近年来，由于抗生素耐药性的证据越来越多，纳米材料的研究已在微生物学领域展开。纳米材料可以是无机的或有机的，它们可以由植物或动物来源的天然产物合成。纳米材料的治疗应用广泛，从疾病诊断到药物靶向递送。纳米颗粒的广谱抗病毒和抗菌活性也很明显。纳米颗粒的表面积与体积之比很高，这使得它们在许多方面成为一种有利的药物载体。有效使用各种材料合成纳米颗粒赋予它们很大的特异性，以满足特定治疗策略的要求。纳米颗粒的潜在治疗用途及其对抗细菌、真菌和病毒感染的作用机制是本综述的重点。此外，它们的潜在优势、缺点、局限性和副作用也包括在此处。研究人员正在表征纳米药物的暴露途径，这些途径可能对受试者或环境造成严重毒性。事实上，使用纳米药物的社会伦理问题给科学家们带来了比任何事情都严重的问题。
